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Attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, asperger's syndrome, and autism, to name but a few, may be viewed as points on a spectrum of developmental disabilities in which those points share features in common and possibly etiology as well, varying only in severity and in the primary anatomical region of dysfunctional activity. This text focuses on alterations of the normal development of the child. A working theory is presented based on what we know of the neurological and cognitive development in the context of evolution of the human species and its brain. In outlining our theory of developmental disa...
Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read. Although the disorder varies from person to person, common characteristics among people with dyslexia are difficulty with phonological processing (the manipulation of sounds) and/or rapid visual-verbal responding. The syndrome of dyslexia does not imply low intelligence or poor educational potential, and is independent of race and social background. Although dyslexia seems to be more prevalent among males than females, the exact ratio is unknown: the most commonly quoted figures are between 3:1 and 5:1. The evidence suggests that in at least two-thirds of cases, dyslexia has a genetic cause, but in some cases birth difficulties may play a role. Dyslexia may overlap with related conditions such as dyspraxia, attention deficit disorder (with or without hyperactivity) and dysphasia. In childhood, its effects can be misattributed to emotional or behavioural disorders. By adulthood, many dyslexics will have developed sophisticated compensating strategies that may mask their difficulties. This new book presents state-of-the-art research in this dynamic field.
This book addresses and synthesizes recent basic, translational, and clinical research with the goal of understanding the mechanisms behind autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and how they lead to altered brain function and behavior. Bringing clarity to these mechanisms will lead to more effective therapies for the various heterogeneous pathologies that comprise ASD. Currently there are few, if any, proven therapies for the majority of the disorders. Among the topic addressed are neural plasticity, neuroimmunology, neuroinflammation, neuroimaging, and appropriate animal and genetic models.
This book offers a reliable source of information on the latest advances and current trends in the medical and clinical sciences. The focus is on certain fields that are of consistently high practical interest due to widespread disease morbidity, and on pathomechanisms that are not yet fully understood and their treatment. The topics covered include, but are not limited to, the search for novel biomarkers of colorectal cancer, morbidity and mortality after traumatic brain injuries, and impairment in brain-controlled muscle mechanisms after stroke. In addition, problematic issues in pulmonary medicine are discussed at length. These issues, notably, concern human studies that have set the stan...
In twenty-first century America, antisemitism is on the rise, especially on the extreme left, the radical right, and within political Islamism. Expressions of this oldest hatred are also increasingly prevalent in popular culture, where they are spread by politicians, entertainers and celebrities, the media, social justice activists, and religious leaders, as well as in universities, in schools, on the streets, and even, in some instances, by Jews. Once, Jews regarded the United States as die Goldene Medina–the Golden Land–where they could escape persecution and finally be free. However, this dream has not been realized and major trends are moving in the opposite direction. In Poisoning the Wells, leading scholars analyze contemporary antisemitism in the United States.
The function of the Basal Ganglia is a subject of increasing prominence, not only among neuroanatomists, neurobiologists, cognitive-scientists and psychiatrists, but also among clinical ergonomists, rehabilitation, internal medicine and public health medics. This volume is the first of its kind. Scientists of diverse backgrounds join to explore issues about the Basal Ganglia from multiple angles. Basal Ganglia - An Integrative View explores the Basal Ganglia from diverse perspectives, sometimes as starting point others as end of diverse pathologies. It reaches from basic neuroanatomical explanations to higher-order integrative processes. It will be essential reading for both frontier neuroscientists and public health actors interested in the nature of Basal Ganglia and will offer a valuable example for the integration of leading research.
The basal ganglia has received much attention over the last two decades, as it has been implicated in many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Most of this research—in both animals and humans—attempt to understand the neural and biochemical substrates of basic motor and learning processes, and how these are affected in human patients as well as animal models of brain disorders. The current volume contains research articles and reviews describing basic, pre-clinical and clinical neuroscience research of the basal ganglia written by attendees of the 11th Triennial Meeting of the International Basal Ganglia Society (IBAGS) that was held March 3-7th, 2013 at the Princess Hotel, Eilat, Israel and by researchers of the basal ganglia. Specifically, articles in this volume include research reports on the biochemistry, computational theory, anatomy and physiology of single neurons and functional circuitry of the basal ganglia networks as well as the latest data on animal models of basal ganglia dysfunction and clinical studies in human patients.
Where does learning begin and how is it sustained and stored in the brain? For musicians, these questions are at the very core of their creative lives. Cognitive and neuroscience have flung wide the doors of our understanding, but bridging the gap between research data and music-making requires a unique immersion in both worlds. Lynn Helding presents a symphony of discoveries that illuminate how musicians can optimize their mental wellbeing and cognitive abilities. She addresses common brain myths, motor learning research and the concept of deliberate practice, the values of instructional feedback, technology’s role in attention disorders, the challenges of parenting young musicians, performance anxiety and its solutions, and the emerging importance of music as a social justice issue. More than an exploration of the brain, The Musician’s Mind is an inspiring call for artists to promote the cultivation of emotion and empathy as cornerstones of a civilized society. No matter your instrument or level of musical ability, this book will reveal to you a new dynamic appreciation for the mind’s creative power.