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This work deals with the search for signatures of non-Gaussianities in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Probing Gaussianity in the CMB addresses one of the key questions in modern cosmology because it allows us to discriminate between different models of inflation, and thus concerns a fundamental part of the standard cosmological model. The basic goal here is to adapt complementary methods stemming from the field of complexity science to CMB data analysis. Two key concepts, namely the method of surrogates and estimators for local scaling properties, are applied to CMB data analysis. All results show strong non-Gaussianities and pronounced asymmetries. The consistency of the full sky and cut sky results shows convincingly for the first time that the influence of the Galactic plane is not responsible for these deviations from Gaussianity and isotropy. The findings seriously call into question predictions of isotropic cosmologies based on the widely accepted single field slow roll inflation model.
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, ESA 2011, held in Saarbrücken, Germany, in September 2011 in the context of the combined conference ALGO 2011. The 67 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 255 initial submissions: 55 out of 209 in track design and analysis and 12 out of 46 in track engineering and applications. The papers are organized in topical sections on approximation algorithms, computational geometry, game theory, graph algorithms, stable matchings and auctions, optimization, online algorithms, exponential-time algorithms, parameterized algorithms, scheduling, data structures, graphs and games, distributed computing and networking, strings and sorting, as well as local search and set systems.
This book constitutes the revised selected papers of the 37th International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, WG 2011, held at Teplá Monastery, Czech Republic, in June 2011. The 28 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 submissions. The workshop aims at merging theory and practice by demonstrating how concepts from graph theory can be applied to various areas in computer science, and by extracting new graph theoretic problems from applications.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science, SOFSEM 2016, held in Harrachov, Czech Republic, in January 2016. The 43 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 116 submissions. They are organized in topical sections named: foundations of computer science; software engineering: methods, tools, applications; and data, information, and knowledge engineering. The volume also contains 7 invited talks in full paper length.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 34th International Workshop on Combinatorial Algorithms, IWOCA 2023, held in Tainan, Taiwan, during June 7–10, 2023. The 33 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 86 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: algorithms and data structures; algorithmic and combinatorical aspects of cryptography and information security; algorithmic game theory and complexity of games; approximation algorithms; complexity theory; combinatorics and graph theory; combinatorial generation, enumeration and counting; combinatorial optimization; combinatorics of words; computational biology; computational geometry; decompositions and combinatorial designs; distributed and network algorithms; experimental combinatorics; fine-grained complexity; graph algorithms and modelling with graphs; graph drawing and graph labelling; network theory and temporal graphs; quantum computing and algorithms for quantum computers; online algorithms; parameterized and exact algorithms; probabilistic and randomized algorithms; and streaming algorithms.