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Certain eras in the development of humanity have been characterized by their effervescence and diversification of artistic, technical, intellectual, and scientific activities; one of them occurred at the end of the 19th century in Europe and North America. At that time, currents of change were generated that would later define many of the trends in today's world. The once endless virgin forests and impassable rural roads, plains, rivers, and mountains of Costa Rica, as well as the city of San José, were also the scene of such effervescence. Here, botanical explorers such as Adolphe Tonduz, Henri Pittier or Paul Biolley, with sweat, effort, and collaboration, laid the foundations for the sci...
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El médico y naturalista alemán Karl Hoffmann arribó a Costa Rica a inicios de 1854, con el fin de estudiar la flora, la fauna y los volcanes del país. Sin embargo, mientras ejercía su profesión y se dedicaba a explorar nuestra naturaleza, a inicios de 1856 sobrevino la amenaza de una invasión por parte del ejército filibustero liderado por William Walker, quien se proponía implantar la esclavitud en los cinco países centroamericanos, así como anexarlos a EE. UU. Ante tan grave situación, el presidente Juan Rafael (Juanito) Mora llamó a las armas a la población. Tal era la reputación de Hoffmann, que lo nombró Cirujano Mayor del Ejército Expedicionario, y muy pronto desplegó...
Particularly in the humanities and social sciences, festschrifts are a popular forum for discussion. The IJBF provides quick and easy general access to these important resources for scholars and students. The festschrifts are located in state and regional libraries and their bibliographic details are recorded. Since 1983, more than 639,000 articles from more than 29,500 festschrifts, published between 1977 and 2010, have been catalogued.
A reappraisal of the reign of Philip III of Spain (1598-1621), and the king's favourite, first published in 2000.
This book reconfigures the study of the origins of the Enlightenment in the Spanish Empire. Challenging dominant interpretations of the period, this book shows that early eighteenth-century Spanish authors turned to Enlightenment ideas to reinvent Spain’s role in the European balance of power. And while international law grew to provide a legal framework that could safeguard peace, Spanish officials, diplomats, and authors, hardened by the failure of Spanish diplomacy, sought instead to regulate international relations by drawing on investment, profit, and self-interest. The book shows, on the basis of new archival research, that the Diplomatic Enlightenment sought to turn the Spanish Empire into a space for closer political cooperation with other European and non-European states and empires.
In Spanish Books in the Europe of the Enlightenment (Paris and London) Nicolás Bas examines the image of Spain in eighteenth-century Europe, and in Paris and London in particular. His material has been scoured from an exhaustive interrogation of the records of the book trade. He refers to booksellers’ catalogues, private collections, auctions, and other sources of information in order to reconstruct the country’s cultural image. Rarely have these sources been searched for Spanish books, and never have they been as exhaustively exploited as they are in Bas’ book. Both England and France were conversant with some very negative ideas about Spain. The Black Legend, dating back to the sixteenth century, condemned Spain as repressive and priest-ridden. Bas shows however, that an alternative, more sympathetic, vision ran parallel with these negative views. His bibliographical approach brings to light the Spanish books that were bought, sold and ultimately read. The impression thus obtained is likely to help us understand not only Spain’s past, but also something of its present.