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While formal insurance is widespread in much of the developed world, households in lower-income countries continue to rely heavily on informal risk-sharing networks when faced with unexpected shocks. Kin networks of non-coresident family members may play an important role by providing each other with informal social protection, sharing resources in response to correlated production shocks (rainfall) or idiosyncratic household shocks (sickness and death). Using detailed panel data from Indonesia, we examine how inter-household transfers within a household’s kin network respond to different types of shocks and whether they are able to reduce household vulnerability. We find that households a...
Despite governments' best efforts, many people in Latin America and the Caribbean don't have the skills they need to thrive. This book looks at what policies work, and don't work, so that governments can help people learn better and realize their potential throughout their lifetimes.
Contemporary tax burden differences in Latin America are a function of historical threats to private property.
Why should people - and economies - save? This book on the savings problem in Latin America and the Caribbean suggests that, while saving to survive the bad times is important, saving to thrive in the good times is what really counts. People must save to invest in health and education, live productive and fulfilling lives, and make the most of their retirement years. Firms must save to grow their enterprises, employ more workers in better jobs, and produce quality goods. Governments must save to build the infrastructure required by a productive economy, provide quality services to their citizens, and assure their senior citizens a dignified, worry-free retirement. In short, countries must save not for the proverbial rainy day, but for a sunny day - a time when everyone can bask in the benefits of growth, prosperity, and well-being. This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO license.
Ha trascurrido prácticamente una década desde que este libro fue revisado y publicado por última vez. Los cambios que ha experimentado la economía en estos años justificaron una revisión integral del texto. Uno de dichos cambios tiene que ver con el auge en los precios los productos básicos -llamado el "superciclo"- que concluyó abruptamente en 2014. En el frente institucional, en 2016 se puso fin a cinco décadas de conflicto con el principal grupo armado ilegal, dando inicio a una nueva fase caracterizada por una mayor estabilidad política. En el escenario global, el crecimiento de las cadenas globales de valor, la transformación de las actividades productivas por medio de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, y el impulso a un modelo de crecimiento verde para reducir las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero, son tendencias de las cuales nuestro país no puede sustraerse.
This new high profile report provides details of taxes paid on wages in twenty economies in Latin America and the Caribbean. It covers: personal income taxes and employee contributions paid by employees; social security contributions and payroll taxes paid by employers; cash benefits...
A pesar del gran esfuerzo de los gobiernos, muchas personas en América Latina y el Caribe no tienen las habilidades que necesitan para prosperar. Este libro analiza qué políticas funcionan, y no funcionan, para que los gobiernos puedan ayudar a la gente a aprender mejor y alcanzar su potencial durante toda la vida.
¿Por qué deberían ahorrar las personas y las economías? La respuesta típica suele centrarse en la necesidad de protegerse ante shocks en el futuro y moderar el consumo durante los tiempos difíciles, en resumen, se ahorra pensando en los proverbiales tiempos difíciles. Este libro aborda esta pregunta desde una perspectiva ligeramente diferente. Si bien ahorrar para superar los tiempos difíciles es importante, lo que realmente importa es ahorrar para prosperar en los tiempos favorables. Las personas deben ahorrar para invertir en su propia salud y educación y en la de sus hijos, para vivir vidas productivas y plenas y acabar sus días en paz y comodidad. Las empresas deben ahorrar par...
This new high profile report provides details of taxes paid on wages in twenty economies in Latin America and the Caribbean. It covers: personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by employees; social security contributions and payroll taxes paid by employers; cash benefits received by in-work families. It illustrates how these taxes and benefits are calculated in each member country and examines how they impact on household incomes. The results also enable quantitative cross-country comparisons of labour cost levels and the overall tax and benefit position of single persons and families on different levels of earnings. The publication shows the amounts of taxes and social s...
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