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Mathematical sciences have been playing an increasingly important role in modern society. They are in high demand for investigating complex problems in physical science, environmental and geophysical sciences, materials science, life science and chemical sciences.This is a review volume on some timely and interesting topics in applied mathematical sciences. It surveys new developments and presents some future research directions in these topics. The chapters are written by experts in these fields, with a wide audience in mind and hence will be accessible to graduate students, junior researchers and other professionals who are interested in the subjects. The contributions of Professor Youzhong Guo, a leading expert in these areas, will be celebrated. His life and academic achievements are highlighted in the Preface and Postscript of the book. The underlying theme that binds the various chapters seamlessly is a set of dedicated ideas and techniques from partial differential equations and dynamical systems.
The heart is a strong muscular pump that enables tissue and organ perfusion. Therefore, a continuous supply of fresh blood is vital for cardiac function. In coronary artery disease, plaques or thrombi induce rapid occlusion, which restricts blood flow to the heart. The primary effect of coronary artery disease is substantial cardiomyocyte death, which prevents the heart from effectively pumping blood to vital organs.
This research topic centers on the practical application of game theory and optimization methods to address complex challenges in real-world contexts. At its core, game theory provides a framework for analyzing strategic interactions among rational decision-makers, while optimization techniques are designed to seek the most favorable outcomes. These tools have proven to be powerful assets across a wide range of domains, from economics and computer science to social sciences and engineering. The following objectives guide this exploration: (i) Understanding Game Theory and Optimization in Real-world Contexts: This objective involves investigating how these mathematical constructs are applied ...
Cytokines are soluble proteins secreted by a wide variety of cells in the body, playing crucial roles in many physiological responses and are involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recently, there is great progress in discoveries that some novel cytokines, including secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs), adiponectin, and C1q/TNF-Related Proteins (CTRPs), can perform a protective effect in cardiometabolic diseases, heart failure and coronary heart disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the molecular and pathophysiological actions of these cytokines in CVDs are still vague. Novel mechanisms of cell death including pyroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and PANoptosis have been considered novel therapeutic targets for CVDs. Some cytokines have been shown to regulate the cell death pathway in the incidence and development of CVDs. Further investigations are needed to understand the link between these novel cytokines and novel cell death models and pathways in CVDs.
The book provides a comprehensive overview of the authors' works which include significant discoveries and pioneering contributions on Materials Process Engineering, Materials Physics and Chemistry, Emerging Areas of Materials Science, and so on. AMSE2016 is an influential international conference for its strong organization team, dependable reputation and a wide range of sponsors from all over the world.
This document specifies the preparation of specimens, inspection items and rating charts, result representation, test reports for metallographic examination of gray cast iron. This document is applicable to the evaluation of the microstructure of gray cast iron.