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Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, or the BRICS nations, are living proof of how power and influence are constantly changing in the world's politics and economy. Redefining their positions within the global system and laying the groundwork for a multilateral world order that aims to challenge the traditional dominance of Western economies and institutions, the BRICS countries have been active since the acronym was coined in the early 21st century and expanded to include South Africa in 2010. Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Argentina, Bolivia, Indonesia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Cuba, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Comoros, and Kazakhstan are among the more than 40 nations that have s...
In recent years, it has become apparent that South-South economic relations are increasing, and will continue to do so. There will be more trade agreements and more trade, more economic alliances and more political alliances with economic goals, more investment flows and an increasing acknowledgement that the Global South has more to offer than it has in the past. These new economics relations have great potential, both for harm and for good. In the absence of directed policies and intentional actors, imbalances of power and growing gaps in development will persist. With the right policies in place, however, these relationships could forge a new global order with greater economic and political equality. Covering a wide range of topics, including regional trade integration in Africa, the environmental impact of increased South-South trade, the changing patterns of South-South investment, and the effect of conflict on trade in South Asia, this ground-breaking volume presents an analysis of South-South economic relations, and how they might impact and be impacted by the rest of the world.
Brazilian Foreign Policy in Changing Times contributes both empirically and theoretically to the study of international relations. The book illuminates Brazilian foreign policy in the democratic era, a subject scarcely touched on elsewhere. This book also offers a new conceptualization of the debate on the path to an autonomous foreign policy.
This book analyzes regional integration in South America with a focus on the Mercosur and Brazilian foreign policy from the 1990s. It reviews the history of the Mercosur and identifies the results achieved by the bloc, as well as the causes of difficulties and the reasons for stalemates over nearly 30 years of its existence. The authors identify the complex interrelation between domestic and foreign factors that have shaped Brazilian foreign policy. From 1991 onwards, relations between Latin American countries have changed while the Mercosur developed from a free trade area to a customs union. While intrabloc trade grew, there were huge difficulties in the form of regional institutional affi...
This edited book brings a new analytical angle to the study of comparative regionalism by focussing on the unintended consequences of interregional relations. The book satisfies the need to go beyond the consideration of the success or failure of international policies. It sheds light on complex interactions involving multiple actors, individual and institutional, driven by various representations, interests and strategies, and which often result in unintended consequences that powerfully affect the socio-political context in which they unfold. By providing a new conceptual framework to understand how interregionalism brings about social change, the book examines the effects on the individua...
This edited volume explains the importance of regional public goods (RPGs) for sustainable development and shows why they are particularly important in the context of 21st-century international relations. By presenting a new and original data set and by presenting original essays by renowned scholars, this book lays the foundation for what will become an increasingly important focus for both economic development and international relations as well as for their intersection. The volume contains four parts. The first introduces the core issues and concepts that are explored throughout the book as well as a new and original data set on RPGs. The second part further develops specific concepts im...
Creado en 1991 en un contexto favorable a las ideas de regionalismo abierto, el Mercosur fue un bloque comercial que en sus primero años alcanzó logros que llevaron a describirlo como uno de los procesos más exitosos en la historia latinoamericana. Esta imagen positiva comenzó a desvanecerse a fines de la década del noventa, cuando la crisis producida por la devaluación del Real en Brasil generó conflictos comerciales y una reducción de la interdependencia regional, proceso que se profundizó con el default argentino de 2001. El ascenso al poder de gobiernos de centro-izquierda desde el año 2003 ha estado acompañado por el impulso de una serie de iniciativas para relanzar el proces...
Em 2022, o Brasil completou 200 anos de sua Independência. Esse é um momento propício para repensar a inserção internacional do Brasil ao longo desses dois séculos. Ao mesmo tempo, a produção sobre política externa se avolumou nos últimos anos, sendo necessária uma avaliação das tendências de pesquisa. Este livro constitui o primeiro balanço da produção, na forma de teses e dissertações, sobre a política externa brasileira, realizadas nos últimos 20 anos. Esta vasta produção, que alcança quase mil trabalhos desenvolvidos, em diversas universidades, é analisada na forma de capítulos, divididos tematicamente. O livro reúne 32 capítulos de 40 autores, especialistas em política externa brasileira, de 16 universidades. Cada capítulo busca identificar as abordagens teórico-metodológicas, as novas fontes de pesquisa, bem como sistematizar as inovações interpretativas sobre a inserção internacional do Brasil desde sua independência. Assim, este livro propicia uma imersão nesta produção acadêmica e uma reflexão sobre a inserção internacional do Brasil nos últimos dois séculos.
The Japan-led Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPPA) of 2018 is the most far-reaching 'megaregional' economic agreement in force, with several major countries beyond its eleven negotiating countries also interested. Still bearing the stamp of the original US involvement before the Trump-era reversal, TPP is the first instance of 'megaregulation': a demanding combination of inter-state economic ordering and national regulatory governance on a highly ambitious substantive and trans-regional scale. Its text and ambition have influenced other negotiations ranging from the Japan-EU Agreement (JEEPA) and the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) to the projected Pan-Asian Regional Comprehensive Economic ...
Because of their increasing prevalence and diversity, International Organizations (IOs) are one of the most striking legal phenomena in contemporary international law. Evolutions in the Law of International Organizations, is a collection of essays discussing the ever-changing nature of IOs. It covers all the many considerable practical evolutions in the law of, offers a discussion of theoretical issues and proposes solutions to many crucial problems related to these institutional developments. The book explores controversial institutional issues arising from recent developments in the complex international practice of IOs and includes contributions about the definition of IOs, the role of "soft" IOs and regional IOs, the reformation of international financial institutions, and the liability of IOs for their actions, among others.