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An important prerequisite for successful conservation is a good understanding of what we seek to conserve. Nowhere is this more the case than in the fight to protect plant biodiversity, which is threatened by human activity in many regions worldwide. This book is written in the belief that tools that enable more people to understand biodiversity can not only aid protection efforts but also contribute to rural livelihoods. Among the most important of those tools is the field guide. Plant Identification provides potential authors of field guides with practical advice about all aspects of producing user-friendly guides which help to identify plants for the purposes of conservation, sustainable use, participatory monitoring or greater appreciation of biodiversity. The book draws on both scientific and participatory processes, supported by the experience of contributors from across the tropics. It presents a core process for producing a field guide, setting out key steps, options and techniques available to the authors of a guide and, through illustration, helps authors choose methods and media appropriate to their context.
The book is divided into eight chapters, where the reader will find works carried out by the Fuel Analysis Laboratory of the State University of Londrina, addressing the analysis of biofuel mixtures from different raw materials; optimization of alcoholic fermentation of extracts obtained from native Brazilian fruits; mathematical modeling in the efficiency of natural and synthetic antioxidants; the influence of metallic contaminants in oxidation; evaluation of catalysts in the biodiesel production and a proposal of mechanisms for the oxidation reaction in the presence of transition metals.
This 2001 book provides a selective annotated bibliography of the principal floras and related works of inventory for vascular plants. The second edition was completely updated and expanded to take into account the substantial literature of the late twentieth century, and features a more fully developed review of the history of floristic documentation. The works covered are principally specialist publications such as floras, checklists, distribution atlases, systematic iconographies and enumerations or catalogues, although a relatively few more popularly oriented books are also included. The Guide is organised in ten geographical divisions, with these successively divided into regions and units, each of which is prefaced with a historical review of floristic studies. In addition to the bibliography, the book includes general chapters on botanical bibliography, the history of floras, and general principles and current trends, plus an appendix on bibliographic searching, a lexicon of serial abbreviations, and author and geographical indexes.
Introduction: setting the scene; Fruits; Leaves; Seeds, Roots and shoots; Bark and wood; Exudates; Lessons learned: cultural and commercial benefits of forest products.
Importance biology and basic control of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers; Biology and ecology of Cynodon dactylon L. Pers; Ecology, biology, physiology, morphology and importance of Cyperus esculentus L.; Ecology, biology, physiology, morphology and importance of Cyperus rotundus L.; Control of Cyperus esculentus L and Cyperus rotundus L.; Eco-physiology and control of Convolvulus arvensis L.; Biology and control of Bidens aurea (Ait.) Sherff.; New herbicides to control perennial grasses; Soil management and perennial weeds; Perennial weeds in Argentina: Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Senecio madagascariensis, Senecio grisebachhi -- three perennial weeds now expanding in Argentina; Perennial weeds in Brazil; Perennial weeds in Colombia; Perennial weeds in Chile; Perennial weeds in Ecuador; Perennial weeds in Paraguay; Perennial weeds in Peru; Perennial weeds in Uruguay; Perennial weeds in USA.
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