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Role of CD1- and MR1-restricted T cells in Immunity and Disease
CD1 and MR1 are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related proteins that bind and present non-peptide antigens to subsets of T cells with specialized functions. CD1 proteins typically present lipid antigens to CD1-restricted T cells, whereas MR1 presents vitamin B-based ligands and a variety of drugs and drug-like molecules to MR1-restricted T cells. The CD1 family of antigen presenting molecules has been divided into two groups: Group 1 contains CD1a, CD1b and CD1c, and Group 2 contains CD1d. Additionally, CD1e is expressed intracellularly and is involved in the loading of lipid antigens onto Group 1 CD1 proteins. Humans express both Groups 1 and 2 CD1 proteins, whereas mice onl...
Immune regulation at the foetal-maternal interface; implications for healthy and complicated pregnancies
For a successful pregnancy, the maternal immune system must acquire tolerance towards the paternal antigens present in the semi-allogeneic foetus. This tolerance is mainly established locally at the foetal-maternal interface, where foetally-derived trophoblasts invade the maternal endometrium (called decidua during pregnancy) and come in close proximity to maternal immune cells. The decidua is populated by maternal immune cells of a unique composition, characterised by their suppressive phenotypes that are essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Accordingly, failure of immune tolerance can lead to pregnancy complications. Macrophages and regulatory T-cells are enriched in the decidua a...
Immune Involvement in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy losses before the 20th week of gestation, occuring in 1%–3% of reproductive women. Unexplained RPL (URPL) is a heterogeneous condition affecting approximately 50% of RPL cases, with one contributing factor thought to be a disruption in maternal immune tolerance. Various immune effectors and molecules in the immune-microenvironment establish specific maternal tolerance toward the semi-allogeneic fetus during pregnancy. Immune cells including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), myeloid cells, T cells and B cells have been found to contribute to maintaining this maternal immunological tolerance during pregnancy. ILCs have been found to be the most abundant immune cells in the pregnant uterus, with many studies focusing on the relationship between RPL and either T cells or natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood and the endometrium/decidua. Despite progress in uncovering the roles of NK, and regulatory T cells and cytokines in pregnancy, the immune heterogeneity in patients with URPL remains elusive.
MAIT Cells
This volume focuses on various methods used by researchers to study mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the aspects described below. The chapters are organized into Four Parts: part One looks at the function and importance of MAIT cells in health and disease. It covers methods to isolate and characterize MAIT cells from human tissues including liver, colon tumors, placenta and decidua, and endometrium. Part Two discusses MR1 independent stimulation, and looks at the activation of MAIT cells by different stimulatory agents. Part Three describes various methods to develop tools to analyze, monitor, and generate MAIT cells in vitro, including the production of MR1-tetramers and how t...
Streptococcal Superantigens
This book provides ample knowledge and better understanding of Streptococcus pyogenes and their superantigens. Many illustrations make this a highly informative book. This book elucidates briefly Streptococcus pyogenes as a strict human pathogen possessing an array of virulence factors. These help in evading host immune responses such as by the activation of non-specific T-cell subpopulations by producing superantigens. This book mainly focuses on streptococcal superantigens and explains how they are different from conventional antigens. Moreover, it elaborates those diseases in which superantigens are actively involved. Useful aspects of superantigens and different therapeutic interventions to eradicate superantigens induced diseased are also discussed.
Lloyd's List
None
Publisher and Bookseller
Vols. for 1871-76, 1913-14 include an extra number, The Christmas bookseller, separately paged and not included in the consecutive numbering of the regular series.
