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The FISH Handbook for Biological Wastewater Treatment provides all the required information for the user to be able to identify and quantify important microorganisms in activated sludge and biofilms by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and epifluorescence microscopy. It has for some years been clear that most microorganisms in biological wastewater systems cannot be reliably identified and quantified by conventional microscopy or by traditional culture-dependent methods such as plate counts. Therefore, molecular biological methods are vital and must be introduced instead of, or in addition to, conventional methods. At present, FISH is the most widely used and best tested of the...
A full review of the latest research findings on microbes involved in conventional aerobic nitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation, and related processes. • Examines the four principal groups of nitrifying microbes including conventional aerobic bacterial ammonia oxidizers, recently discovered aerobic archaeal ammonia oxidizers, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing planctomycetes, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. • Provides current information on the ecology, phylogeny, biochemistry, molecular biology, and genomics of each group of microbes. • Discusses the latest industrial applications of nitrification and anammox processes, and explores the ecology of nitrification in marine, freshwater, soil, and wastewater environments.
This thesis presents a scalable, generic methodology for microbial phenotype prediction based on supervised machine learning, several models for biological and ecological traits of high relevance, and the deployment in metagenomic datasets. The results suggest that the presented prediction tool can be used to automatically annotate phenotypes in near-complete microbial genome sequences, as generated in large numbers in current metagenomic studies. Unraveling relationships between a living organism's genetic information and its observable traits is a central biological problem. Phenotype prediction facilitated by machine learning techniques will be a major step forward to creating biological knowledge from big data.
Microoganisms are distributed across every ecosystem, and microbial transformations are fundamental to the operation of the biosphere. Microbial ecology is the study of this interaction between microorganisms and their environment, and arguably represents one of the most important areas of biological research. Yet for many years our study of microbial flora was severely limited: the primary method of culturing microorganisms on media allowed us to study only between 0.1 and 10% of the total microbial flora in any given environment. Molecular Microbial Ecology gives a comprehensive guide to the recent revolution in the study of microorganisms in the environment. Details are given on molecular...
Nitrogen constitutes 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere and inevitably occupies a predominant role in marine and terrestrial nutrient biogeochemistry and the global climate. Callous human activities, like the excessive industrial nitrogen fixation and the incessant burning of fossil fuels, have caused a massive acceleration of the nitrogen cycle, which has, in turn, led to an increasing trend in eutrophication, smog formation, acid rain, and emission of nitrous oxide, which is a potent greenhouse gas, 300 times more powerful in warming the Earth’s atmosphere than carbon dioxide. This book comprehensively reviews the biotransformation of nitrogen, its ecological significance and the consequences of human interference. It will appeal to environmentalists, ecologists, marine biologists, and microbiologists worldwide, and will serve as a valuable guide to graduates, post-graduates, research scholars, scientists, and professors.
The book Eco-Restoration of the Polluted Environment: A Biological Perspective explores recent advances in biological strategies for the remediation of polluted environments, including soil, water, and air. It covers bioremediation of heavy metals, radioactive waste, and waste gases, which are believed to be bottleneck problems for researchers working in this field. The book contains separate chapters on genetic engineering technology for enhancement of the bioremediation potential of bioresources and the role of biosurfactants, enzymes, and exo-polysaccharides for bioremediation of polluted environments, along with basic aspects of eco-restoration by microorganisms. It summarizes the signif...
The Covid-19 Pandemic has brought forth global anxiety about linkages between the environment and society at a fundamental structural level. Earthly Order: How Natural Laws Define Human Life provides an accessible exposition of the latest foundational knowledge on how natural and social systems science can inform planetary crises. Humanity has either tried to conquer or capitulate to natural order, whereas we should be seeking to understand latent structures and patterns that permeate all systems and develop an "earthly order," that is socially functional and sustainable. Current debates in politics often present what should constitute a "world order" while scientists have wrestled with what are fundamental conditions of "natural order." Author Saleem H. Ali provides a readable synthesis of these debates with practical guidance for the public with a host of current examples around environmental decision-making by consumers, the government and industry. Twitter: @saleem ali
The global nitrogen cycle is the one most impacted by mankind. The past decade has changed our view on many aspects of the microbial biogeochemical cycles, including the global nitrogen cycle, which is mainly due to tremendous advances in methods, techniques and approaches. Many novel processes and the molecular inventory and organisms that facilitate them have been discovered only within the last 5 to 10 years, and the process is in progress. Research on Nitrification and Related Processes, Part B provides state-of-the-art updates on methods and protocols dealing with the detection, isolation and characterization of macromolecules and their hosting organisms that facilitate nitrification and related processes in the nitrogen cycle as well as the challenges of doing so in very diverse environments. - Provides state-of-the-art update on methods and protocols - Deals with the detection, isolation and characterization of macromolecules and their hosting organisms - Deals with the challenges of very diverse environments
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Biofilms: Extracellular Bastions of Bacteria" that was published in IJMS