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Yearbook of Anesthesiology-4 is an up-to-date guide to the latest advances in anaesthesiology practice. Comprised of 25 chapters covering general anaesthesia, pain and intensive care, this book presents the most recent information in the field, in a concise and highly illustrated format. Various chapters highlight progress within different areas of anaesthesiology, including mechanical ventilation strategies in ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), perioperative fluid therapy, the role of nitrous oxide, new findings concerning postoperative vomiting and nausea, and a chapter revisiting brachial plexus block techniques. Other chapters feature discussion on the management of patients wit...
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Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), their binding proteins and their receptors play important roles in regulating growth, metabolism, proliferation and survival for many cells and tissues throughout lifespan in humans and other species. Circulating IGF1 is known to be an endocrine regulator, with metabolic effects related to, and partly convergent with, insulin signalling. IGF1 also mediates many of the growth promoting effects of GH, and there is an ongoing debate as to the relative contributions of endocrine-, vs locally-derived IGF1 for systemic growth. More recently however, it has become clear that IGFs may be key local growth and cellular survival factors for many different tissues, active from early in embryonic development, essential for normal maturation and growth during foetal life. IGFs continue to play important roles throughout adult life in many diverse processes such as tissue repair, cellular proliferation, tissue remodelling and metabolic regulation. IGF systems are tightly regulated; orderly control of cellular repair and metabolism is central to healthy ageing, whilst uncontrolled proliferation can lead to cancer.