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Traceability describes the ability of stakeholders to understand and follow relationships between artifacts that play some role in software development. It is essential for many development tasks, e.g., quality assurance, requirements management, or software maintenance. Aiming to overcome various deficiencies of existing traceability concepts, this book presents a universal approach describing required features of traceability solutions. This includes a technology-independent, generic template for the definition of semantically rich traceability relationship types and technology-independent patterns for the retrieval of traceability information, reflecting generic problems common to traceability applications. The universal approach is implemented on the basis of two concrete technologies which facilitate comprehensive traceability: the TGraph approach and OWL ontologies. The applicability of the approach is shown by three case studies dealing with the reuse of software artifacts, process model refinement, and requirements management, respectively.
The 2.5% (small group – big influence) introduces a ground-breaking model for cool’s cyclical reinvention, which explains how idiosyncratic ideas become the norm. A fresh interpretation of Everett Rogers’ widely applied 'innovations diffusion', the novelty is its focus on the Innovator (the first type on the innovations diffusion curve, preceding the Early Adopter). Innovators only constitute 2.5% of the population but this globally scattered minority of rule breakers is influential. They are the creators of new trends and new consumption patterns that will shape the mainstream. Based on insider knowledge of cutting-edge cultures, academic rigour and marketing agility, this robust mode...
Bitika (which means "tiny" in Malagasy) is a mouse lemur, the earth's smallest primate. This story is about baby Bitika growing up and her first forays into the forest where she encounters other lemurs and a potentially tragic situation. Bitika saves the day and in spite of her small size, feels like a powerful creature of the forest.
Fourteen young women, murdered because they were women, are memorialized in this definitive account of the tragic day that forced a reckoning with violence against women in our culture. The victims of what became known as the “Montreal Massacre” are remembered, their lives cut short on December 6, 1989 when a man entered École Polytechnique and systematically shot every young woman he encountered. The killer was motivated by a misogyny whose roots go far beyond one man and one day. This book examines how December 6 precipitated an entire cultural shift in thinking around gender-based violence.
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Beginning in the twelfth century, taxation increasingly became an essential component of medieval society in most parts of Europe. The state-building process and relations between princes and their subject cities or between citizens and their rulers were deeply shaped by fiscal practices. Although medieval taxation has produced many publications over the past decades there remains no synthesis of this important subject. This volume provides a comprehensive overview on a European scale and suggests new paths of inquiry. It examines the fiscal systems and practices of medieval Europe, including essential themes such as medieval fiscal theory and the power to tax; royal and urban taxation; and ...
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Il fallait se défendre raconte l’histoire des Bélanger, le premier gang haïtien à Montréal. Témoignage de Maxime Aurélien, premier chef de gang haïtien, sur les années 1980 à Montréal et l’invention des gangs criminalisés. Écrit avec l’universitaire et activiste Ted Rutland, Il fallait se défendre remet en question les compréhensions et les réponses du grand public à l’égard des jeunes racisés. Plutôt qu’une bande de délinquants violents, le gang était une réponse à la violence des autres : le racisme anti-Noir normalisé dans la ville, et la brutalité policière.