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Immunotherapy is a clinically proven concept to prevent and treat diverse diseases. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have transformed cancer patient survival and the quality of life for patients with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Vaccination with attenuated viruses or microbial virulence factors is a validated strategy to control infectious disease and has eradicated the global pandemic Smallpox infection. Recently, the concept of encoding transgenes, such as the receptor-binding COVID-19 spike protein, cytokines, antibodies, or immunogenic tumor antigens into non-viral or viral vectors has been validated as a powerful means to achieve vaccination for protection against pandemic infections, and cancer immunotherapy respectively. For certain immunotherapeutic targets and mechanisms, vector-based targeting offers distinct advantages over the traditional protein format. For example, in cancer immunotherapy vectorization may enable local delivery, production, and tumor-enriched exposure of powerful immune-modulatory antibodies, for example anti-CTLA-4 or anti-CD28 that are too toxic to allow full therapeutic dosing upon systemic administration.
The Covid-19 pandemic changed the world. Indeed a real race took place worldwide between SARS-CoV-2 on the one hand and researchers on the other – especially those specializing in messenger RNA vaccines. Four years after its emergence, the pandemic is not over, but some decisive battles have been won, thanks to the great success of mRNA vaccines. The Marathon of The Messenger presents the history of these mRNA vaccines, combining a scientific background with historical and economic perspectives. It appears that an important page in the history of these new vaccines was written in Europe, thanks to the crucial work of German and French scientists; this effort began in 1993 and continues to ...
Muge 150th: The 150th Anniversary of the Discovery of Mesolithic Shellmiddens is organized into two volumes. This first volume focuses on the Mesolithic structures of the Muge and Sado Valleys, with a total of 27 chapters. These contributions cover a wide range of archaeological and anthropological themes, including a general synthesis on the current state of specific topics including the use of isotopes in diet determination and migration; settlement and subsistence; technology; plant use; burial practices; social complexity; and research history.
In the midst of unprecedented material wealth and technological advancement, a paradoxical crisis looms large – the crisis of meaning. Lost and Found, by Dr. Mark D’Souza, ventures deep into this quandary, addressing the poignant disconnects of our modern era. As workplaces remain trapped in a cacophony of disagreements, the world witnesses an opioid crisis showing no signs of remission. Drawing upon his extensive experience in medical practice and rich insights from philosophy, psychology, and literature, Dr. D’Souza traces this descent into chaos, marking Nietzsche’s assertion of the “death of God” as a pivotal moment in the annals of philosophical and societal thought. As the ...
This book discusses how greener synthetic pathways are amenable and productive for the synthesis of novel nanomaterials. It furthers the integration of advances in green nanoscience and nanotechnology, including pathways dedicated to the design, development, and fabrication of a range of products and devices. Topics such as green nanotechnology for advanced energy systems, sustainable delivery systems, medicine, agri-nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture, nanotechnology in crop protection, and nanotechnology for soil conservation are included. FEATURES Provides a holistic view of green nanotechnology and its applications Places an emphasis on synthesis, characterization, and applications of green nanomaterials Discusses the development of innovative green synthetic pathways to produce novel biomaterials Includes characterization tools used in the material synthesis via green synthetic pathways Advocates green nanotechnology solutions for sustainability and energy This book is aimed at researchers and professionals in nanotechnology, green chemistry, and chemical engineering.
The history of patent harmonization is a story of dynamic actors, whose interactions with established structures shaped the patent regime. From the inception of the trade regime to include intellectual property (IP) rights to the present, this book documents the role of different sets of actors – states, transnational business corporations, or civil society groups – and their influence on the structures – such as national and international agreements, organizations, and private entities – that have caused changes to healthcare and access to medication. Presenting the debates over patents, trade, and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreeme...
Rastlinski in živalski ostanki, ki jih najdemo na arheoloških najdiščih ter v močvirskih in jezerskih sedimentih, so dober vir podatkov o načinu življenja, gospodarstvu, prehranskih navadah, nekdanjem okolju in prilagoditvi človeka nanj v različnih obdobjih. Vendar pa je treba znati te podatke pravilno zbrati in »prebrati«. S prvo celovito predstavitvijo področja delovanja palinologije, arheobotanike in arheozoologije v slovenskem jeziku bo to odslej lažje. Knjiga je razdeljena na dva dela. Prvi, splošni del je posvečen teoretični predstavitvi palinologije, arheobotanike in arheozoologije. Orisu osnovnih vrst rastlinskih in živalskih najdb ter razmer, v kakršnih se odlagajo...
Until now, the research of applied zooarchaeologists has not had a significant impact on the work of conservation scientists. This book is designed to show how zooarchaeology can productively inform conservation science. Conservation Biology and Applied Zooarchaeology offers a set of case studies that use animal remains from archaeological and paleontological sites to provide information that has direct implications for wildlife management and conservation biology. It introduces conservation biologists to zooarchaeology, a sub-field of archaeology and ethnobiology, and provides a brief historical account of the development of applied zooarchaeology. The case studies, which utilize palaeozool...
The legendary overland silk road was not the only way to reach Asia for ancient travelers from the Mediterranean. During the Roman Empire’s heyday, equally important maritime routes reached from the Egyptian Red Sea across the Indian Ocean. The ancient city of Berenike, located approximately 500 miles south of today’s Suez Canal, was a significant port among these conduits. In this book, Steven E. Sidebotham, the archaeologist who excavated Berenike, uncovers the role the city played in the regional, local, and “global” economies during the eight centuries of its existence. Sidebotham analyzes many of the artifacts, botanical and faunal remains, and hundreds of the texts he and his team found in excavations, providing a profoundly intimate glimpse of the people who lived, worked, and died in this emporium between the classical Mediterranean world and Asia.