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This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications RANDOM SETS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS is based on the proceedings of a very successful 1996 three-day Summer Program on "Application and Theory of Random Sets." We would like to thank the scientific organizers: John Goutsias (Johns Hopkins University), Ronald P.S. Mahler (Lockheed Martin), and Hung T. Nguyen (New Mexico State University) for their excellent work as organizers of the meeting and for editing the proceedings. We also take this opportunity to thank the Army Research Office (ARO), the Office ofNaval Research (0NR), and the Eagan, MinnesotaEngineering Center ofLockheed Martin Tactical Defense Systems, whose financial support made the summer program possible. Avner Friedman Robert Gulliver v PREFACE "Later generations will regard set theory as a disease from which one has recovered. " - Henri Poincare Random set theory was independently conceived by D.G. Kendall and G. Matheron in connection with stochastic geometry. It was however G.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed postproceedings of the International Workshop on Conditionals, Information, and Inference, WCII 2002, held in Hagen, Germany in May 2002. The 9 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited papers by leading researchers in the area were carefully selected during iterated rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers address all current issues of research on conditionals, ranging from foundational, theoretical, and methodological aspects to applications in various contexts of knowledge representation.
Data processing has become essential to modern civilization. The original data for this processing comes from measurements or from experts, and both sources are subject to uncertainty. Traditionally, probabilistic methods have been used to process uncertainty. However, in many practical situations, we do not know the corresponding probabilities: in measurements, we often only know the upper bound on the measurement errors; this is known as interval uncertainty. In turn, expert estimates often include imprecise (fuzzy) words from natural language such as "small"; this is known as fuzzy uncertainty. In this book, leading specialists on interval, fuzzy, probabilistic uncertainty and their combination describe state-of-the-art developments in their research areas. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners interested in data processing under uncertainty, and an introduction to the latest trends and techniques in this area, suitable for graduate students.
The contributions in this book state the complementary rather than competitive relationship between Probability and Fuzzy Set Theory and allow solutions to real life problems with suitable combinations of both theories.
Mainly focusing on processing uncertainty, this book presents state-of-the-art techniques and demonstrates their use in applications to econometrics and other areas. Processing uncertainty is essential, considering that computers – which help us understand real-life processes and make better decisions based on that understanding – get their information from measurements or from expert estimates, neither of which is ever 100% accurate. Measurement uncertainty is usually described using probabilistic techniques, while uncertainty in expert estimates is often described using fuzzy techniques. Therefore, it is important to master both techniques for processing data. This book is highly recommended for researchers and students interested in the latest results and challenges in uncertainty, as well as practitioners who want to learn how to use the corresponding state-of-the-art techniques.
The purpose of this book is to provide the reader who is interested in applications of fuzzy set theory, in the first place with a text to which he or she can refer for the basic theoretical ideas, concepts and techniques in this field and in the second place with a vast and up to date account of the literature. Although there are now many books about fuzzy set theory, and mainly about its applications, e. g. in control theory, there is not really a book available which introduces the elementary theory of fuzzy sets, in what I would like to call "a good degree of generality". To write a book which would treat the entire range of results concerning the basic theoretical concepts in great detail and which would also deal with all possible variants and alternatives of the theory, such as e. g. rough sets and L-fuzzy sets for arbitrary lattices L, with the possibility-probability theories and interpretations, with the foundation of fuzzy set theory via multi-valued logic or via categorical methods and so on, would have been an altogether different project. This book is far more modest in its mathematical content and in its scope.
This new edition of the classic reference British Planemakers from 1700 has been completely rewritten, with over 200 pages of new information. Online research tools haven enabled much greater insight into family connections of planemakers, family and business continuities, and the discovery of previously unknown planemakers. Confirmation that planemakers were working in the late 1600s, in fact, inspired the new edition’s title, Goodman’s British Planemakers. The biographic directory covers more than 2400 planemakers and includes 2250 maker's mark illustrations. Like its predecessors, the new edition traces the development of British planemaking, but far more extensively, now confirming that planemakers moved around the country to a much greater extent than previously realized, and identifying several new family planemaking dynasties. The book includes chapters on the planemaking trade and its practices, descriptions and illustrations of the many types of planes and their evolution, and provincial planemaking, as well as sections on apprentice records, trade marks, and a complete index. An absolutely invaluable reference.
Due to the increased capability, reliability, robustness, and survivability of systems with multiple distributed sensors, multi-source information fusion has become a crucial technique in a growing number of areas—including sensor networks, space technology, air traffic control, military engineering, agriculture and environmental engineering, and industrial control. Networked Multisensor Decision and Estimation Fusion: Based on Advanced Mathematical Methods presents advanced mathematical descriptions and methods to help readers achieve more thorough results under more general conditions than what has been possible with previous results in the existing literature. Examining emerging real-wo...
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