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Education, Technology and Industrial Performance in Europe, 1850-1939
This book examines advanced scientific and technical education in seven European countries and the USA between the mid nineteenth century and the 1930s.It seeks to replace the notion of a simple education-industry interaction by a broader perspective where not only educational institutions and industrial employers, but also government, professional bodies and private patrons have made contributions.
The Peregrine Profession
In The Peregrine Profession Per-Olof Grönberg offers an account of the pre-1930 transnational mobility of engineers and architects educated in the Nordic countries 1880-1919. Outlining a system where learning mobility was more important than labour market mobility, the author shows that more than every second graduate went abroad. Transnational mobility was stronger from Finland and Norway than from Denmark and Sweden, partly because of slower industrialisation and deficiencies in the domestic technical education. This mobility included all parts of the world but concentrated on the leading industrial countries in German speaking Europe and North America. Significant majorities returned and became agents of technology transfer and technical change. Thereby, these mobile graduates also became important for Nordic industrialisation
Tropical Legumes
This National Academy of Sciences report describes plants of the family Leguminosae, all of them greatly underexploited. Some are extensively used in one part of the world but unknown elsewhere; others are virtually unknown to science but have particular attributes that suggest they could become major crops in the future; a few are already widespread but their possibilities are not yet fully realized.Most of the plants described in this book have the capacity to provide their own nitrogenous fertilizer through bacteria that live in nodules on their roots; the bacteria chemically convert nitrogen gas from the air into soluble compounds that the plant can absorb and utilize. As a result, legumes generally require no additional nitrogenous fertilizer for average growth. This is advantageous because commercial nitrogenous fertilizers are now extremely expensive for peasant farmers. This report demonstrates how farmers in developing countries, by using leguminous plants, can grow useful crops while avoiding that expense. However, the plants to be discussed here should be seen as complements to, not as substitutes for, conventional tropical crops.
Terminologie et Documentation : pour une meilleure circulation des savoirs
L'auteur retrace l'évolution des sciences et de leur communication, puis le passage de la documentation aux sciences de l'information. Elle aborde la question des classifications. La mise en évidence de la convergence des démarches documentaires et terminologiques la conduit à étudier leur unité de base, descripteur, mot-clé, vedette matière, puis la notion de thésaurus terminologique. « Copyright Electre »
Le dispositif
Les phénomènes où l’on peut observer la reproductibilité d’activités techniques distribuées, qu’elles soient opérationnelles ou discursives, sont propices à l’usage du concept de dispositif. Cet ouvrage analyse ce concept selon des perspectives sociologiques, éducatives, philosophiques, technologiques, juridiques et économiques. Il en examine tour à tour les dimensions techniques, organisationnelles et discursives. L’hybridité, l’efficience, les rôles, les normes, les résistances et les flux liés à des jeux de pouvoir et de visibilité en enrichissent sa compréhension. Trois mobilisations actuelles du dispositif en sciences de l’information et de la communicati...
Les bavures scientifiques
La mémoire de l’eau, la fusion froide, ... chacune et chacun a en tête quelques bavures scientifiques, voire même quelques fraudes manifestes. L'approche choisie dans cet ouvrage est une illustration de l’utilisation de la démarche scientifique par des exemples à ne pas suivre en faisant un tour d’horizon de quelques égarements scientifiques. L’objectif est de prévenir chacun, appartenant à la communauté scientifique ou non, des dangers et des dérives induits par notre vulnérabilité lorsque l’on observe et que l’on essaie de comprendre la Nature.
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