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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Pemphigus and pemphigoid diseases are a heterogenous group of autoimmune blistering disorders (AIBD) characterized by tissue-bound and circulating autoantibodies against structural proteins of the desmosome and basement membrane zone of the skin and orifice-close mucosal tissues. While strong evidence has been provided that autoantibodies in AIBD are pathogenic, the exact mechanisms of how blister formation is mediated is very different between pemphigus and pemphigoid disorders and yet incompletely understood. Additionally, target antigens for the major AIBDs have already been identified on the molecular level. In contrast, diagnostic assays are not yet available for all autoantibody specif...
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This volume gives a detailed overview of the varieties of English spoken in the Pacific and Australasia, including regional, social and ethnic dicalects (such as New Zealand, Australian Vernacular, or Maori English) as well as pidgins and creoles (such as Tok Pisin, Hawaii Creole, or Kriol in Australia). The chapters, written by widely acclaimed specialists, provide concise and comprehensive information on the phonological, morphological and syntactic characteristics of each variety discussed. The articles are followed by exercises and study questions. The exercises are geared towards students and can be used for classroom assignments as well as for self study in preparation for exams. Instructors can use the exercises, sound samples and interactive maps to enhance their classroom presentations and to highlight important language features.
v. 1. Research findings -- v. 2. Concepts and methodology -- v. 3. Implementation issues -- v. 4. Programs, tools and products.