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Molecular diagnostic methods for bacteria and fungi detection
Microorganisms, like bacteria and fungi, are ubiquitous worldwide and can have different roles in human’s lives. Some will bring beneficial effects which are exploited and used in industrial and agricultural sectors. Contrariwise, some are responsible for several life-threatening diseases. Microbial analysis, surveillance and research is therefore crucial. Until recently, the classical culturing methods were widely used to study bacteria and fungi. However these methods, although considered the gold standard, are becoming now obsolete since they tend to be time-consuming, have low sensitivity and are unable to detect some cellular morphological states, as the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, leading to false negative results. Moving away from the classical methods, microbial detection is now evolving to new effective and rapid diagnostics.
WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 4
Between 2011 and 2019, WHO has developed and issued evidence-based policy recommendations on the treatment and care of patients with DR-TB. These policy recommendations have been presented in several WHO documents and their associated annexes, including the WHO Consolidated Guidelines on Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment, issued by WHO in March 2019. The policy recommendations in each of these guidelines have been developed by WHO-convened Guideline Development Groups, using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach to summarize the evidence, and formulate policy recommendations and accompanying remarks. The present WHO Consolidated Guideline...
Histoplasma and Histoplasmosis
Histoplasma and Histoplasmosis is a book on epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of histoplasmosis. It is an all-inclusive source of knowledge for both specialist and non-specialist mycologists at various levels of training or work experience.Through collaborative efforts of the authors and the editor, this book provides up-to-date information on the global distribution of histoplasmosis, an updated estimation of the burden of histoplasmosis in Asia, and recent advances in laboratory diagnosis and treatment of histoplasma and histoplasmosis. This volume is an invaluable source of knowledge for trainees and practitioners alike.
Global Tuberculosis Report 2018
WHO has published a global TB report every year since 1997. The main aim of the report is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic and of progress in prevention diagnosis and treatment of the disease at global regional and country levels. This is done in the context of recommended global TB strategies and targets endorsed by WHO?s Member States and broader development goals set by the United Nations (UN). The 2018 edition of the global TB report was released on 18 September in the lead up to the first-ever UN High Level Meeting on TB on 26 September 2018.
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Antimicrobial agents are essential for the treatment of life-threatening infections and for managing the burden of minor infections in the community. In addition, they play a key role in organ and bone marrow transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, artificial joint and heart valve surgery. Unlike other classes of medicines, they are vulnerable to resistance from mutations in target microorganisms, and their adverse effects may extend to other patients (increased risk of cross-infection). As a consequence, there is a constant requirement for new agents, as well as practices that ensure the continued effective prescribing of licensed agents. Public awareness and concerns about drug resistant org...
The Law of Outer Space
It is a remarkable achievement to write a book that almost four decades after its publication has lost virtually none of its relevance. Manfred Lachs’ famous treatise on the Law of Outer Space was originally published in 1972, yet it is still a classic and must-read text for space law students today, even though copies can nowadays be rarely found. The reissue of this remarkable work is therefore timely indeed. Its aim is to make the brilliance, foresight and clarity of Lachs’ thinking once more easily accessible to a new generation of scholars. Issued on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the International Institute of Space Law, of which Lachs was President, this volume reproduces the original text of Lachs' work in full, with a new preface, introduction and index supplied by the editors.
Meta-Research
This volume presents state-of-the art design, analysis and integration approaches for biomedical data including novel statistical models for a comprehensive and powerful synthesis and assessment of scientific evidence. Chapters detail principles of systematic reviews, semi-automated tools for systematic searches, fixed- and random-effects meta-analytical models, living systematic reviews, meta-analysis of genetic studies, meta-analysis of pragmatic and explanatory trials, network meta-analysis, and other modern approaches for data synthesis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, the Meta- Research: Methods and Protocols book, written by global experts, will introduce the reader in a step-by-step process to the methods of the vital and highly promising field of evidence synthesis.
Guidelines for Diagnosing and Managing Disseminated Histoplasmosis Among People Living with HIV
Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This disease is highly endemic in some regions of North America, Central America, and South America and is also reported in certain countries of Asia and Africa. It often affects people with impaired immunity, including people living with HIV, among whom the most frequent clinical presentation is disseminated histoplasmosis. The symptoms of disseminated histoplasmosis are non-specific and may be indistinguishable from those of other infectious diseases, especially disseminated tuberculosis (TB), thus complicating diagnosis and treatment. Histoplasmosis is one of the most frequent opportunistic infections caused by funga...
Unity and Catholicity in Christ
Debates concerning the relationship between Tridentine Catholicism and Catholicism after Vatican II dominate theological conversation today, particularly with regard to understandings of the Church and its engagement with the world. Current historical narratives paint ecclesiology after the Council of Trent as dominated by juridical concerns, uniformity, and institutionalism. This book challenges such narratives by investigating the theology of ecclesial unity and catholicity of the renowned Spanish Jesuit Francisco Suárez (1548-1617). Reexamining standard as well as overlooked sources of Suárez's ecclesiology, the author shows how Suárez wrestles with the new demands of his time to produce a vision of the Church that is deeply spiritual, diverse, and missional, even anticipating later ecumenical developments in twentieth-century Catholic ecclesiology.
