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To what extent does the presence of forests and trees contribute to food production in humid and dry forest landscapes?
This review assesses the strength of the evidence that reports how forests and trees contribute to agricultural (food) production in order to prioritize further research for better decision-making. The search strategy employs terms from studies on forests, agroforestry, ecosystem services and agriculture across a range of bibliographic databases, internet and specialist search engines and an open call for gray literature. Retrieved articles will be screened by title, abstract and full text and inclusion/exclusion exercise will generate the final list of studies. Data from these studies will be extracted using a coding tool. Due to anticipated heterogeneity in the retrieved data, we will grou...
Approaching rural young people
‘Rural youth’ is a new focus area within the CGIAR (and in the wider academic literature), yet there are few studies which examine young people’s roles and relationships to trees, forests and agroforests. This background report suggests ways the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees, and Agroforestry (FTA) can involve rural young people into its research and action. This is at a time when academic and government reports note the widening gaps between the aspirations young people have as compared to the realities of the job markets in much of the Global South. For rural and marginal areas, these trends are especially acute as agriculture and forestry sectors decline and many rural yo...
Carbon stocks and fluxes associated with land-use and land-cover change in mangrove ecosystems: A systematic review protocol
Coastal mangrove forests are known as one of the most productive ecosystems and efficient carbon (C) sinks on the planet. Mangroves store a substantial amount of organic C in below-ground sediment, which is known as “blue carbon (C)”. As anthropogenic factors have caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and sea levels to increase, mangrove blue C has become a part of global climate change negotiations due to its potential for storing C and mitigating GHG emissions. However, these coastal forests are also currently under threat from major land-use and land-cover changes (LULCC) for aquaculture and agriculture, resulting in large amounts of deforested and degraded mangrove areas globally. Little is known about the range of impacts different LULCC have upon mangrove C dynamics (e.g. C storage, emission and sequestration). This systematic review protocol outlines the methodology to identify and quantify the impacts of LULCC upon the C dynamics of global mangrove forests. The forthcoming review will assess the magnitude of LULCC on natural and impacted mangroves and identify where research gaps remain on mangrove C dynamics
Fine root dynamics within land-use change from tropical forests to agriculture: A systematic review protocol
Conversion of tropical forests to agriculture contributes significantly to global warming, causing an estimated 1218% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, estimates of ecosystem carbon fluxes are not accurate mainly because of the limited understanding of their belowground components. Root dynamics, i.e. root production, mortality and decomposition, are crucial elements of ecosystem functioning; an understanding of root dynamics is required to estimate the carbon cycle accurately.
For the Sake of Forests and Gods
For the Sake of Forests and Gods documents the consequences of nonstate actors impinging on the existence of Indigenous peoples in the remote highlands of Palawan Island, the Philippines. Nimble, focused, and well-funded, religious and environmental organizations increasingly assume governmental authority over the lives and livelihoods of the Pala'wan people within their ancestral territories. Wolfram H. Dressler traces these actors' history and contemporary practices, revealing how they bypass the state to govern the less governed. In the highlands, environmental NGOs valorize customary objects and practices to suppress swidden and support forest conservation, while evangelical missionaries...
More than Rural
In the 1970s, Thailand was developing but poor and largely agrarian. By the 1980s it had become the fastest growing large economy in the world and, in the process, made the transformation from a low-income to a middle-income economy. Fast forward to 2010 and Thailand had climbed yet another rung in the development ladder to become, according to World Bank criteria, an upper middle-income economy. Throughout this period of economic and social transformation, contrary to historical experience and theoretical models, one thing has remained constant: the central role of Thai smallholder farming. This conundrum—the persistence of the smallholder in a time of extraordinary change—lies at the h...
Growing Gardens, Building Power
Across the United States marginalized communities are organizing to address social, economic, and environmental inequities through building community food systems rooted in the principles of social justice. But how exactly are communities doing this work, why are residents tackling these issues through food, what are their successes, and what barriers are they encountering? This book dives into the heart of the food justice movement through an exploration of East New York Farms! (ENYF!), one of the oldest food justice organizations in Brooklyn, and one that emerged from a bottom-up asset-oriented development model. It details the food inequities the community faces and what produced them, ho...
Examining how long fallow swidden systems impact upon livelihood and ecosystem services outcomes compared with alternative land-uses in the uplands of Southeast Asia
Swidden agriculture or shifting cultivation has been practised in the uplands of Southeast Asia for centuries and is estimated to support up to 500 million people most of whom are poor, natural resource reliant uplanders. Recently, however, dramatic land-use transformations have generated social, economic and ecological impacts that have affected the extent, practice and outcomes of swidden in the region. While certain socio-ecological trends are clear, how these broader land-use changes impact upon local livelihoods and ecosystem services remains uncertain. This systematic review protocol therefore proposes a methodological approach to analysing the evidence on the range of possible outcomes such land-use changes have on swidden and associated livelihood and ecosystem services over time and space.
Compassionate Careers
For those who feel that sitting on the sidelines just isn’t enough: A guide to finding meaningful work in cause-centered organizations. If you want a job that gives you not just a paycheck but a purpose, Compassionate Careers is an inspiring guide to get you started on your path. Filled with examples of people who have meaningful jobs in cause-focused organizations, it includes: Stories from people of all walks of life who have jobs that make a difference, including famous figures like Bill Clinton, Jane Goodall, and Dave Matthews Information on how to get started in a cause-focused career An online assessment that identifies the type of organizational culture for which you are best suited...
The $16 Taco
Having “discovered” the flavors of barbacoa, bibimbap, bánh mi, sambusas, and pupusas, white middle-class eaters are increasingly venturing into historically segregated neighborhoods in search of “authentic” eateries run by—and for—immigrants and people of color. This interest in “ethnic” food and places, fueled by media attention and capitalized on by developers, contributes to gentrification, and the very people who produced these vibrant foodscapes are increasingly excluded from them. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, geographer Pascale Joassart-Marcelli traces the transformation of three urban San Diego neighborhoods whose foodscapes are shifting from serving the needs of ...
