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This book is the second in the series of publications in this field by this publisher, and contains a number of latest research developments on ionic liquids (ILs). This promising new area has received a lot of attention during the last 20 years. Readers will find 30 chapters collected in 6 sections on recent applications of ILs in polymer sciences, material chemistry, catalysis, nanotechnology, biotechnology and electrochemical applications. The authors of each chapter are scientists and technologists from different countries with strong expertise in their respective fields. You will be able to perceive a trend analysis and examine recent developments in different areas of ILs chemistry and technologies. The book should help in systematization of knowledges in ILs science, creation of new approaches in this field and further promotion of ILs technologies for the future.
This volume of the Handbook of Neuroanatomy is concerned with nitric oxide synthase. In this volume different research areas are presented together, which adds up to the first major review volume on the localization of nitric oxide synthase in the nervous system. The subjects range from developmental aspects in vertebrates to a functional neuroanatomy of the nervous system in vertebrates. This presentation gives an impressive look on the overwhelming presence of NOS in animal organism and the significance of NO - cGMP signaling. By clearly stating the limitations of our present knowledge the book is also a stimulant for further research. This book presents for the first time an overview of N...
The 20th century has seen a phenomenal growth in the global economy and continuous improvement in the standard of living in the industrialized countries. Sustainable development has become an ideal target in recent years and in the early 1990s the concept of "Green chemistry" was launched in the USA as a new paradigm, and since 1993 it has been promoted by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The success of the pharmaceutical industry is, in large part, due to the towering achievement of organic chemistry, a mature science which emerged as a distinct discipline well over 150 years ago, however this has been both a blessing and a curse. Many of our most reliable strategies for assembling target molecules employ reactions which are fifty to one hundred years old and are often named in honour of their discoverers.
Thermal Induced Membrane Separation Processes describes the fundamental and advanced areas associated with the field of thermal induced membrane separation processes. It includes extensive coverage of material selection, types, and theory of thermal induced membrane fabrication, characterization, and modification. This book focuses on the applications of various thermal induced membrane processes and discusses ancillary topics related to the subject, such as membrane modules, membrane contactors and reactors, preparation and characterization techniques, smart membranes, fouling and its mitigation, and economic analysis of the thermal induced membrane separation processes. Thermal Induced Membrane Separation Processes elaborates on every aspect on the thermal induced membranes in a simple and straightforward manner, helping readers ranging from students to researchers in academia and the industry to understand the processes for successful execution and implementation into their research.
The detection of anti-cancer drugs in surface water bodies around the globe calls for upgrading currently applied wastewater treatment plants. Therefore one of the main objectives of this PhD thesis was to investigate advanced oxidation processes able to avoid such pollution. In addition of developing technological solutions, characterization of pollution sources was performed in this work. Results evidenced the presence of cytostatic drugs in hospital wastewaters, even though a major part of drug is administrated to patients in the ambulatory regime in Belgium (94%-w). In this work, two advanced oxidation process were investigated: photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR) and photochemical oxi...
The petroleum, natural gas, and the chemical & petrochemical process industries, variously require the separation of mixtures -- whether of raw feedstream materials, reactants, intermediates, or products -- as comprising gases, liquids, or solutions. Membrane separations add another weapon to the arsenal of separation methods, including the upgrading of subquality natural gas reserves. This book furnishes the necessary derivations and calculations for numerically predicting the separations that can be obtained, based on the known respective membrane permeabilities of the pure components. A verstile text, Membrane Separations Technology is suitable both as a reference and a textbook for the practicing process engineer, the researcher, and chemical & petrochemical engineering faculty and students. - Has cutting-edge scientific methods for liquifying and transporting natural gas - Written for the engineer in the field, for easy access to important information - Also contains problems and solutions for the student and professor in chemical engineering departments
This much-needed critical review of the main monitoring techniques conveys profound knowledge of their fundamentals, possibilities and limits, strengths and weaknesses when applied to membrane processes, clearly demonstrating which technique is most suitable for a given process. A practical approach is adopted throughout, providing case studies for the monitoring of selected membrane-based processes. After an introductory section, the book goes on to look at optical and electronic microscopic techniques, followed by electrical, laser and acoustic techniques, and finishes off with process-oriented monitoring techniques. For both researchers and professionals working in the industry.
One of the major challenges for many Mediterranean and other countries is finding viable solutions to tackle water shortage. Some of the major water quality constraints derive from the high salinity of groundwater and from pollution sources such as: untreated domestic sewage, fertilizers and pesticides from irrigation drainage, industrial effluents, and solid waste disposal. Wastewater treatment processes involving physico-chemical and biological treatment, chemical oxidation, membrane technologies, along with methods of solids concentration and disposal are of special relevance in dealing with these problems. This volume contains selected lectures presented at the NATO ADVANCED TRAINING COU...
Membrane technologies play an increasingly important role in unit operations for resource recovery, pollution prevention, and energy production, as well as environmental monitoring and quality control. They are also key component technologies of fuel cells and bioseparation applications. Membrane Technologies and Applications provides essential data and background information on various dimensions of membrane technologies, with a major focus on their practical application. Membranes of inorganic materials offer cost-effective solutions for simple to complex separation problems. This book is designed for anyone interested in water and wastewater treatment, membrane suppliers, as well as students and academics studying the field.
Water is the most valuable resource for all human development. With increasing global population the demand for water increases whereas the sources of clean water are decreasing. recycling and reuse of wastewater has become an imperative which demands the development of new, efficient and environmentally friendly treatment methods. Current Trends and Future Developments in (Bio-) Membranes: Recent Achievements in Wastewater and Water Treatments provides a comprehensive coverage of the existing wastewater treatment including, but not exclusively, membrane-based methods. The book presents most common used methods compares and evaluates them depending on their particular application. It illustr...