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The development of new materials is recognized as one of the major elements in the overall technological evolution that must go on in order to sustain and even improve the quality of life for citizens of all nations. There are many components to this development, but one is to achieve a better understanding of the properties of materials using the most sophisticated scientific tools that are available. As condensed matter physicists and materials scientists work toward this goal, they find that it is useful to divide their efforts and focus on specific areas, because certain analytical and theoretical techniques will be more useful for the study of one class of materials than another. One su...
Catalysis by Metals and Alloys
DescriptionSurface Alloys and Alloy Surfaces is concerned with the structural, compositional, electronic and chemical properties of the surfaces of solids in which the surface layers, at least are alloyed. Two different categories of system are covered - the surfaces of bulk alloys (alloy surfaces) and surface phases in which one or more outermost atomic layers are alloyed, while the underlying bulk involves no such intermixing (surface alloys).Importance of TopicThe surfaces of bulk alloys have long been known to be of practical interest for their chemical properties. It has also long been known that the surface composition of such alloys commonly differs from that of the underlying bulk. H...
At the International Summer Institute in Surface Science (ISISS), which is held bienially on the Campus of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, invited speakers present tutorial review lectures during the course of one week. The majority of the presentations deal with the gas-solid interface, but now and then relevant reviews concerning liquid-solid or solid-solid interfaces are included. The goal of ISISS was outlined in the first ISISS publication: "We recognize that the International Summer Institute in Surface Science should foster mutual understanding and interaction among theorists and experimentalists in the various areas of surface science. Progress can be achieved only when we occ...
The molecular basis of surface chemical reactivity forms the central theme of this book. It is an attempt to survey current understanding about the working of heterogeneous catalysts, emphasizing surface chemical bonding in relation to reaction mechanisms.
Ion Implantation into Metals presents the proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Modification of Surface Properties of Metals by Ion Implantation, held at UMIST, Manchester, UK on June 23-26, 1981. The book includes papers on aqueous corrosion of ion-implanted iron; the mechanical properties and high temperature oxidation behavior in aqueous corrosion; and the potential of ion beam processing in this field of materials science and engineering. The text also presents papers on the important scientific progress in metal physics and related subjects.
The study of phase transformations in substitutional alloys, including order disorder phenomena and structural transformations, plays a crucial role in understanding the physical and mechanical properties of materials, and in designing alloys with desired technologically important characteristics. Indeed, most of the physical properties, including equilibrium properties, transport, magnetic, vibrational as well as mechanical properties of alloys are often controlled by and are highly sensitive to the existence of ordered compounds and to the occurrence of structural transformations. Correspondingly, the alloy designer facing the task of processing new high-performance materials with properti...
Structural stability is of fundamental importance in materials science. Up-to-date information on the theoretical aspects of phase stability of materials is contained in this volume. Most of the first-principles calculations are based on the local-density approximation (LDA). In contrast, this volume contains very recent results of "going beyond LDA", such as the density gradient expansion and the quantum Monte-Carlomethod. Following the recently introduced theoretical methods for the calculation of interatomic potentials, forces acting on atoms and total energies such as the Car-Parrinello, the effective-medium and the bond-ordermethod, attempts have been made to develop even more sophisticated methods such as the order-N method in electronic-structure calculations. The present status of these methods and their application to real systems are described. In addition, in order to study the phase stability atfinite temperatures, the microscopic calculations have to be combined with statistical treatment of the systems to describe, e.g. order-disorder transitions on the Si(001) surface or alloy phase diagrams. This book contains examples for this type of calculations.
“The Frontiers of Knowhledge (to coin a phrase) are always on the move. - day’s discovery will tomorrow be part of the mental furniture of every research worker. By the end of next week it will be in every course of graduate lectures. Within the month there will be a clamour to have it in the undergraduate c- riculum. Next year, I do believe, it will seem so commonplace that it may be assumed to be known by every schoolboy. “The process of advancing the line of settlements, and cultivating and c- ilizing the new territory, takes place in stages. The original papers are p- lished, to the delight of their authors, and to the critical eyes of their readers. Review articles then provide cr...
This Symposium aims to present and discuss recent advances on the experimental, theoretical and applications aspects of superconductivity. It provides a forum for scientists working on superconductivity to interact and solve mutual problems. All invited papers are by leading experts in the field.