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Different national varieties of Spanish, for instance Argentinian, Colombian and Mexican, use different address systems, with different numbers of pronouns, and also give pronouns a different social significance. For the first time, this study discusses and analyses these paradigms in the context of inter-varietal contact in a third country, with English as an additional contact language. A multiplicity of data collection methods made it possible to uncover many new insights into address behaviour. New definitions for address pronouns are proposed, and issues arising from address are discussed, such as: awareness, proficiency, avoidance, accommodation, and uncertainty. In addition, some unexpected practices emerged, which call into question all previously accepted norms of usage.
Exploring practices in the family, school, the workplace, this book investigates the varied ways people choose to address one another.
This book is a collection of studies about forms of address in the world’s languages, with a focus on contrast and difference. The individual chapters highlight inter- and intralinguistic variation in the expression of address and its sociol-cultural functions across media, registers, geographical contexts and time – in more than 15 languages. The volume showcases the variety of approaches that exists in current address research, including the breadth of contrastive methodologies harnessing surveys and questionnaires, focus group discussions, corpus linguistics, discourse and conversation analysis to offer complementary perspectives on culture-specific address practice. This volume is for students and researchers of address and social interaction in a range of disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, including various sub-disciplines of linguistics (such as contrastive, variational and intercultural pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and morphology) and intercultural communication, as well as experts in individual languages and qualitative sociologists.
Respect for patient autonomy and data privacy are generally accepted as foundational western bioethical values. Nonetheless, as our society embraces expanding forms of personal and health monitoring, particularly in the context of an aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, questions abound about how artificial intelligence (AI) may change the way we define or understand what it means to live a free and healthy life. Who should have access to our health and recreational data and for what purpose? How can we find a balance between users' physical safety and their autonomy? Should we allow individuals to forgo continuous health monitoring, even if such monitoring may...
The articles collected in this volume offer the most various access to the discussed questions on norm and variation. In their entirety, they reflect the current discussion of the topic. Focusing on the object languages German and English ensures a high level of topical consistency. On the other hand, the four large topic areas (emergence and change of norms and grammatical constructions; relationship of codes of norms and 'real' language usage; competition of standard and non-standard language norms; and subsistent norms of minority languages and «institutionalised second-language varieties») cover a large range of relevant issues, thereby certainly giving an impetus to new and further investigations.
The right of self-determination affects many areas of international law, from sovereignty over territory and human rights to decisions on the recognition of new States and the succession of States to treaties. It also has an impact on many approaches to understanding the nature of international law and international society. This volume sets out some of the methods by which authors have dealt with the right of self-determination and provides illustrations of the applications of the right to a variety of situations.