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Georges Köhler was one of the most prominent German scientists of recent history. In 1984, at an age of 38, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with N.K. Jerne and C. Milstein, for inventing the technique for generating monoclonal antibodies. This method and its subsequent applications had an enormous impact on basic research, medicine and the biotech industry. In the same year, Köhler became one of the directors of the Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology in Freiburg; his unfortunate premature death in 1995 set an end to his extraordinary career. Prof. Klaus Eichmann, who had invited Köhler to become his codirector, is one of the people who were closest to him. This scientific biography commemorates the 10th anniversary of Köhler's untimely death. Köhler's scientific achievements are explained in a way to make them understandable for the general public and discussed in the historical context of immunological research.
This book incorporates a range of new material on racist events and incidents across the United States. It includes a few new concepts and some of the original concepts about individual and institutionalized racism in the United States.
A guide to the United Nations covers such topics as its history, organization, finances, and operations around the world.
Offers young adults an in-depth look at the history of adoption while examining the changing policies that have been implemented over time, complete with a look at international, interracial, and interfaith adoptions.
"Last Men Out" tells the riveting story of the last 11 United States soldiers to escape South Vietnam on April, 30, 1975, the day America ended its combat presence.
Despite costing hundreds of billions of dollars and subsidizing everything from homeownership and child care to health insurance, tax expenditures (commonly known as tax loopholes) have received little attention from those who study American government. This oversight has contributed to an incomplete and misleading portrait of U.S. social policy. Here Christopher Howard analyzes the "hidden" welfare state created by such programs as tax deductions for home mortgage interest and employer-provided retirement pensions, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Targeted Jobs Tax Credit. Basing his work on the histories of these four tax expenditures, Howard highlights the distinctive characteristics...
This is the history of advertising in motion pictures from the slide ads of the 1890s to the common practice of product placement in the present. Initially, product placement was seen as a somewhat sleazy practice and also faced opposition from the film industry itself; it has grown dramatically in the past 25 years. From Maillard's Chocolates advertising with a shot of Cardinal Richelieu enjoying a hot cup of cocoa in 1895, to product placements in 2002's Minority Report, for which advertisers were rumored to have paid $25 million, this book explores the developing union of corporate America and Hollywood. This work addresses such topics as television's conditioning of filmgoers to accept commercials, companies' donation of props, the debate about advertising such activities as smoking and drinking in films, and "product displacement," or demands by companies to keep their products absent from unpopular or controversial films. Film stills and a bibliography complete the book.
The separation of powers becomes a meaningless cliche as Alexander Charns - using the Federal Bureau of Investigation's own files - reveals how that agency undermined the independence of the U.S. Supreme Court for a half-century. FBI director J. Edgar Hoover's goal was simple: to push the Supreme Court to the right on issues of civil rights and criminal law. His techniques ranged from illegal wiretapping to spreading disinformation, from using Justice Abe Fortas as an informant to trying to hound liberal Justice William O. Douglas off the bench. Cloak and Gavel, the definitive work on the FBI-Supreme Court relationship, is based on thousands of pages of FBI documents that Charns fought for e...
"Although Greg Francis is not a farmer, he planted a seed as a lead counsel in a groundbreaking class-action lawsuit that yielded the largest gain for Black farmers in U.S. history. Since the last slaves were freed in the United States more than a century ago, countless promises made to the Black community have been broken. The first, of course, was the pledge of 40 acres and a mule to each emancipated family. Without land to their name, achieving economic independence was a near impossibility, yet Black farmer persisted. At first, many labored under condition that replicated slavery until they became tenant farmers, sharecroppers, and ultimately landowners. Throughout the years, systemic di...