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Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) belongs to that special category of well-established molecular biology techniques that, since their inception a few decades ago, have succeeded in keeping a prominent position within the constantly expanding list of laboratory pro- dures for biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. The design simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the early FISH protocols, combined with the signifcant acceleration of discoveries in related technical areas such as fuor- cence microscopy, digital imaging, and nucleic acid technology have prompted the div- sifcation of the original technique into an outstanding number of imaginative and useful applications, and thus ...
The DNA of eukaryotes is packaged into chromosomes - each chromosome consisting of a very long molecule of DNA and various proteins (e.g. histones), and the number of chromosomes being characteristic for the species concerned. Chromosome analysis can provide a great deal of information for many aspects of cellular genetics such as DNA replication, protein:DNA interactions and genetic manipulation. The book is structured in a methodical fashion - the introductory chapters are centred around analysis of chromatin with chapters on the mapping of protein:DNA interactions in vivo using ligation-mediated PCR and the mapping of chromatin-associated proteins by formaldehyde cross-linking. The next c...
"Nuclear envelope (NE) defects have been linked to cancer biology since the mid-1800s, but it was not until the last few years that we have begun to understand these historical links and to realize that there are myriad ways that the NE impacts on tumorigenesis. The NE is a complex double membrane system that encloses the genome while providing structural support through the intermediate filament lamin polymer and regulating protein/ mRNA trafficking and signaling between the nucleus and cytoplasm via the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). These functions already provide some mechanisms for NE influences on cancer biology but work in the past few years has elucidated many others. Lamins and many...
The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of the biology of the planorbid snail Biomphalaria glabrata mainly as related to the snail’s role as a host of larval trematodes . This snail is of great importance in medical and economic zoology as a vector of important trematode (fluke) diseases in human and veterinary medicine and in wildlife biology. Moreover, this snail is a useful model for numerous basic studies in biology and chemistry. A book that provides modern coverage of diverse topics from the molecule to the community of this snail as related to larval trematode parasitism is not available. This book should appeal to a wide audience of biologists, ecologists, biochemists, malacologists, parasitologists, public health workers, epidemiologists, and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in biomedical and allied health sciences.
This second edition focuses on the study of human interphase chromosomes and its relation to health and disease. Orchestrated organization and behavior of the human genome in interphase nuclei at chromosomal level has been repeatedly shown to play a significant role in almost all basic biological processes involved in the processing and inheritance of genetic information within and between species. Accordingly, post-genomic bioscience appeals to basic and applied studies of interphase nuclei genetics and genomics with special attention to interphase chromosome behavior in health and disease. Additionally, elucidating the role of interphase chromosome behavior during development, chromosome/D...
Cytogenetics is the study of chromosome morphology, structure, pathology, function, and behavior. The field has evolved to embrace molecular cytogenetic changes, now termed cytogenomics. Cytogeneticists utilize an assortment of procedures to investigate the full complement of chromosomes and/or a targeted region within a specific chromosome in metaphase or interphase. Tools include routine analysis of G-banded chromosomes, specialized stains that address specific chromosomal structures, and molecular probes, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromosome microarray analysis, which employ a variety of methods to highlight a region as small as a single, specific genetic seque...
Schistosomes are human parasites distributed worldwide in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes, especially in developing countries and impoverished regions. These neglected tropical disease (NTD) pathogens causes debilitating illnesses, which include hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic fibrosis, haemorrhagic necrotic ulcerations in the intestinal mucosa, urogenital tract diseases, in addition to cardiopulmonary, renal and neurologic lesions due to egg accumulation in the liver, intestines, uro-genital tissues and other sites. Urogenital schistosomiasis is a risk factor for bladder cancer and increases the risk of transmission of HIV infection. Despite extensive effort to control this NTD over the yea...
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This volume reviews the latest research on the functional implications of nuclear, chromosomal and genomic organization and architecture on cell and organismal biology, and development and progression of diseases. The architecture of the cell nucleus and non-random arrangement of chromosomes, genes, and the non-membranous nuclear bodies in the three-dimensional (3D) space alters in response to the environmental, mechanical, chemical, and temporal cues. The changes in the nuclear, chromosomal, or genomic compaction and configuration modify the gene expression program and induce or inhibit epigenetic modifications. The intrinsically programmed rearrangements of the nuclear architecture are nec...