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Ju ̈ rgen G. Backhaus 1 Johann Heinrich Gottlob (von) Justi was born in 1702 in Bru ̈ cken in Prussia (county of Sangerhausen), studied law and cameral sciences in Wittenberg and Jena, yet had to leave the university, entered the Prussian military service, was captured during the Austrian war of succession by the Austrians but escaped to Leipzig (Saxony) where he studied mineral sciences. In 1750 he was called to a chair ‘‘Cameral Sciences and Rhetorics’’ at the new Theresian Academy of Knights in Vienna. There, he gave two important inaugural lectures which are the focal point of this book. In 1754, Justi was appointed a mineral counsellor in Gottingen ̈ (Hanover), and lectured a...
This study provides a first comprehensive introduction to the political and economic thought of Johann Heinrich Gottlob von Justi (1717-1771). While previous scholarship saw Justi as quintessentially a German thinker, this analysis argues that his thought was a by-product of the broader European intellectual discourse on the political implications of modern trade. Writing between the conclusion of the War of the Austrian Succession (1748) and the end of the Seven Years War (1763) - when competition among European powers was sharply on the increase - Justi's aim was to create modern commercial monarchies in the larger states of the Holy Roman Empire that could equal the military strength, political standing and economic performance of England and France. Shedding fresh light on Justi's tortuous biography and complex oeuvre this study unveils the critical impact that French thinkers such as Fénelon, Saint-Pierre, d'Argenson and Montesquieu exerted on Justi's ideas and demonstrates that his economic thought was part and parcel of an innovative and comprehensive political reform plan for the entire European state system.
In the 1630s the Netherlands was gripped by tulipmania: a speculative fever unprecedented in scale and, as popular history would have it, folly. We all know the outline of the story—how otherwise sensible merchants, nobles, and artisans spent all they had (and much that they didn’t) on tulip bulbs. We have heard how these bulbs changed hands hundreds of times in a single day, and how some bulbs, sold and resold for thousands of guilders, never even existed. Tulipmania is seen as an example of the gullibility of crowds and the dangers of financial speculation. But it wasn’t like that. As Anne Goldgar reveals in Tulipmania, not one of these stories is true. Making use of extensive archiv...
The Visionary Realism of German Economics forms a collection of Erik S. Reinert’s essays bringing the more realistic German economic tradition into focus as an alternative to Anglo-Saxon neoclassical mainstream economics. Together the essays form a holistic theory explaining why economic development—by its very nature—is a very uneven process. Herein lie the important policy implications of the volume.
Periods of euphoria followed by sudden crashes are a familiar phenomenon in economics. Such events have become known as "bubbles". These volumes bring together writings on such phenomena - with works centering upon some of the more colourful examples.
Drawing on the work of Foucault and Bourdieu, David Lindenfeld illuminates the practical imagination as it was exhibited in the transformation of the political and social sciences during the changing conditions of nineteenth-century Germany. Using a wealth of information from state and university archives, private correspondence, and a survey of lecture offerings in German universities, Lindenfeld examines the original group of learned disciplines which originated in eighteenth-century Germany as a curriculum to train state officials in the administration and reform of society and which included economics, statistics, politics, public administration, finance, and state law, as well as agriculture, forestry, and mining. He explores the ways in which some systems of knowledge became extinct, and how new ones came into existence, while other migrated to different subject areas. Lindenfeld argues that these sciences of state developed a technique of deliberation on practical issues such as tax policy and welfare, that serves as a model for contemporary administrations.