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Functional Verification of the Apollo Urine Transport System
A simulated aerospace study was conducted to assess the biochemical effects of space flight by determining the volume of urine output of each crewman. The Apollo urine transport system (UTS), using a radioisotope, tritium, dilution technique, was tested by four human male subjects. The Apollo UTS met minimum requirements for 14 days even when a single unit was used by four individuals. The best individual performance by a subject gave a ratio of 101.4 plus or minus 4.6%. The overall value for volume measurement from the four subjects was 100.6 plus or minus 4.6%. Any void volume may be calculated by this radioisotope method with the UTS system plus or minus 10% of its volume at the 95% confidence level. One experimental error was the incomplete mixing of the radiosotope. The practicability of this procedure in actual space missions still has to be determined. (Author).
AMRL-TR.
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Biochemical and Physiological Evaluation of Human Subjects in a Life Support Systems Evaluator
A 6-week study with four college students as volunteer subjects was conducted for the purpose of evaluating the nutritional requirements of individuals undergoing stresses imposed by simulated aerospace conditions. A 4-day cycle diet of fresh foods was served at room temperature each day; it was comprised of 110 g of protein, 315 g of carbohydrate, 80 g of fat and 2621 calories. All the clinical data were in the normal range and no significant differences were observed between control and the confinement in the Life Support Systems Evaluator. Metabolic balances show excellent adjustment to the diet; all subjects were in positive nitrogen balance. Physiological measurements of heart rate, blood pressure and oral temperature were in the normal ranges. Minimal body weight changes were observed indicating that the diet was adequate.
