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The breakdown of macroeconomic aggregates into four institutions, i.e. households and unincorporated businesses, private corporate enterprises, public enterprises, and the general government, and the incorporation of their heterogenous behaviour, allows for the incorporation of political economy analysis. The overall thrust of the book thus leaves room for unconventional policy proposals. While the type of analysis employed in this book is already beginning to proliferate, other studies lack the integrated and robust framework for policy analysis.
The central argument of this study is that the segmented and oligopolistic financial and commodity markets, large income inequalities, and diverging accumulation behaviour of public and private sector agents are the structural and institutional features underlying the persistent macroeconomic imbalances. These factors also explain why, despite the similarity in initial economic structure and economic policies, the Philippines was systematically outperformed by many of its East Asian neighbours. Several quantitative techniques are applied including a Macroeconomic Social Accounting Framework and Computable General Equilibrium modelling. This provides an integrated and robust framework for policy analysis that is absent in other studies.
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This book examines the scope, potential benefits, and challenges of digital platforms in Asia and the Pacific. It proposes measures and policies to help maximize social and economic gains while alleviating adverse effects. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is accelerating digital transformation across Asia and the Pacific. Digital platforms have become prominent intermediaries or marketplaces that allow the exchange of goods, services, and information. They are opening new transaction channels while lowering service costs and enhancing market efficiency. This volume explores topics that include trade and e-commerce, fintech payments, the digital divide, promoting competition, the digitalization of work and the role of universal basic income, and international taxation.