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Why did migrants from southern Portugal choose Argentina instead of following the traditional path to Brazil? Starting with this question, this book explores how, at the turn of the twentieth century, rural Europeans developed distinctive circuits of transatlantic labor migration linked to diverse immigrant communities in the Americas. It looks at transoceanic moves in the larger context of migration systems, examining their connections and the crucial role of social networks in migrants geographic mobility and adaptation. Combining regional and local perspectives on both sides of the Atlantic, Chains of Gold provides a vivid account of the trajectories of migrant men and women as they moved from rural Portugal to contrasting places of settlement in the Argentine pampas and Patagonia.
This book offers a critical reinterpretation of male violence, patriarchy, and machismo in rural Latin America. It focuses on the lives of lower-class men and women, known as sertanejo/as, in the hinterlands of the northeastern Brazilian province of Ceará between 1845 and 1889. Challenging the widely accepted depiction of sertanejos as conditioned to violence by nature, culture, and climate, Santos argues that their concern with maintaining an honorable manly reputation and the use of violence were historically contingent strategies employed to resolve conflicts over scant resources and to establish power over women and other men. She also traces a shift in the functioning of patriarchy that coincided with changes in the material fortunes of sertanejo families. As economic dislocation, environmental calamity, and family separation led to greater female autonomy and an erosion of patriarchal authority in the home, public—and often violent—enforcement of male power maintained patriarchal order in these communities.
Durante os séculos XVII e XVIII muitos colonizadores portugueses ocuparam o Nordeste do Brasil, dentre os quais se destacaram os chamados Cristãos-Novos, judeus forçados a conversão à fé católica. No Ceará, a família de criptônimo Ferreira Lima se estabeleceu inicialmente na vila denominada Arraial Novo dos Icós, a partir de 1720, se deslocando posteriormente em direção as regiões de Telha, São Matheus dos Inhamuns, Cariri, Várzea Alegre, São Vicente Ferrer de Lavras e nas Regiões das Minas de São José dos Cariris Novos. Esse livro conta a história de homens simples e corajosos, cujos relatos foram transmitidos de forma oral aos seus descendentes por Antonio Ferreira Lima, um comerciante varzealegrense, o qual descreveu o modo simples de vida de seus ancestrais no sertão da região Centro-Sul do antigo “Siará”, ressaltando os seus acertos sem, contudo, esconder os seus erros.