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After the conquest of Mexico, colonial authorities attempted to enforce Christian beliefs among indigenous peoples—a project they envisioned as spiritual warfare. The Invisible War assesses this immense but dislocated project by examining all known efforts in Central Mexico to obliterate native devotions of Mesoamerican origin between the 1530s and the late eighteenth century. The author's innovative interpretation of these efforts is punctuated by three events: the creation of an Inquisition tribunal in Mexico in 1571; the native rebellion of Tehuantepec in 1660; and the emergence of eerily modern strategies for isolating idolaters, teaching Spanish to natives, and obtaining medical proof...
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In 1756, Jacob Frank, an Ottoman Jew who had returned to the Poland of his birth, was discovered leading a group of fellow travelers in a suspect religious service. At the request of the local rabbis, Polish authorities arrested the participants. Jewish authorities contacted the bishop in whose diocese the service had taken place and argued that since the rites of Frank's followers involved the practice of magic and immoral conduct, both Jews and Christians should condemn them and burn them at the stake. The scheme backfired, as the Frankists took the opportunity to ally themselves with the Church, presenting themselves as Contra-Talmudists who believed in a triune God. As a Turkish subject,...
This second edition of Gellerman's classic reference work is a must for collectors and aficionados of reed organs. Its aim is to present a complete listing and brief history of every manufacturer of reed organs in the world as an aid to the collector. In the 13 years since publication of the first edition, hundreds of new names and historical facts have come to light and are included in this revised edition. 89 illustrations. 104 photos.
Have you ever wondered what it's like to be a cold-blooded, creepy-crawly alligator? Learn all about this incredible reptile in this upper-elementary title. This title offers an in-depth look at alligators, including their physical characteristics, behavior, survival, techniques, life cycle, habitat and range, and threats to the animal. Aligned to Common Core standards and correlated to state standards. Core Library is an imprint of Abdo Publishing, a division of ABDO.
This volume examines the changing role of Marian devotion in politics, public life, and popular culture in Western Europe and America during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The book brings together, for the first time, studies on Marian devotions across the Atlantic, tracing their role as a rallying point to fight secularization, adversarial ideologies, and rival religions. This transnational approach illuminates the deep transformations of devotional cultures across the world. Catholics adopted modern means and new types of religious expression to foster mass devotions that epitomized the catholic essence of the “nation.” In many ways, the development of Marian devotions across the world is also a response to the questioning of Pope Sovereignty. These devotional transformations followed an Ultramontane pattern inspired not only by Rome but also by other successful models approved by the Vatican such as Lourdes. Collectively, they shed new light on the process of globalization and centralization of Catholicism.
This collection of essays looks at the various ways in which women have coped financially in a male-dominated world. Chapters focus on Europe and Latin America, and cover the whole of the modern period.
If a person were ever face-to-face with a huge, hungry animal with sharp teeth, they probably wouldn’t care exactly what that animal was. From a safe location, can we tell whether it was a crocodile or alligator that wanted to take a bite? By examining their jaw structure, teeth, and other physical features, we can easily tell these two animals apart. Graphic organizers and amazing images highlight each animal’s habitat and other small differences between the two fearsome creatures, showing readers just what creature is lurking below the waters.
This work--the first of its kind in more than sixty years--covers polo in Argentina, from its beginnings in the 1870s to the summer of 2013. The history of the early pioneers is constructed with data not previously published, gathered from contemporary sources. International competitions are covered and include the Olympic Games, the Cup of the Americas and the World Championships. Particular attention is given to the major clubs, the Argentine and Hurlingham Open Championships, and the National Handicap Tournament. Several of the elite players merit individual or family mini-biographies. Myths in Argentine polo are also debunked, based upon careful analysis of contemporary sources. Travels abroad by Argentine teams are fully described as are the foreign teams that competed in Argentina. The work is enhanced by the author's personal observation of significant events and friendship with many of the participants.
Lonely Planet's Florida and the South's National Parks is your passport to the most relevant, up-to-date advice on what to see and skip. Camp in Congaree, paddle through the Everglades and scale the Great Smoky Mountains; all with your trusted travel companion. Get to the heart of Florida and the South's National Parks and begin your journey now! Inside the Lonely Planet's Florida and the South's National Parks Travel Guide: Up-to-date information - all businesses were rechecked before publication to ensure they are still open after 2020's COVID-19 outbreak User-friendly highlights and itineraries help you tailor your trip to your personal needs and interests Insider tips to save time and mo...