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Neuronal and Glial Structural Plasticity Induced by Drugs of Abuse
Drugs of abuse induce a host of alterations in brain structure and function, ranging from changes in gene expression and epigenetic processes to aberrant synaptic plasticity to volumetric changes in discrete brain regions. These alterations can be drug class-specific, and are not confined to neurons, as drugs of abuse also induce molecular and cellular alterations in various glial cell types such as astrocytes and microglia. The phenomenon of drug-induced plasticity includes changes in dendritic branching and architecture, dendritic spine density and morphology, astrocyte-neuronal interactions, dysregulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling, and alterations in myelination or microglial phenotype. This drug-induced "rewiring" of the brain at numerous levels can contribute to the development, maintenance, and persistence of the addicted state, as well as associated deficits in normal cognitive functioning. The aim of this Research Topic is to collect recent and important findings related to the structural alterations produced by drug of abuse in neurons, glial, and other cell types of the central nervous system.
Quaaludes
Provides an overview of quaaludes including their effects on the body; the history of past and present uses of depressants; current medical uses; and the illegal use of quaaludes. Discusses how to identify and prevent drug abuse and the treatment options for drug addiction.
Some Johnsons of Southern Maryland
Descendants are found primarily in Maryland.
Revue historique
None
Revue historique
None
Understanding Drugs
Explains all sides of using alcohol, a powerful social drug.
Alcohol
None
Mitchell Memories
William Mitchell, Sr. (b. ca. 1728) was born, possibly in Maryland, near Baltimore. He had three sons, James, William, and Joshua. William Mitchell, Jr. (b. ca. 1756) was born in Maryland or Virginia, and married Abigail Wheeler (b. ca. 1759) in North Carolina, ca. 1774. they lived in Wilkes County, North Carolina. Descendants and relatives lived in North Carolina, Missouri, Tennessee, California, Washington, Texas, Illinois, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Oregon, and elsewhere.
Alcohol
Although drinking alcoholic beverages is legal for those 21 years and older in the United States, alcohol is a dangerous drug when misused or abused by those of any age. One of the most commonly used drugs among teens and adults, alcohol affects areas of the brain that influence pleasure, impulses, and coordination. Though moderate social use of alcohol can have a beneficial effect on health, drinking to excess can lead to headaches, nausea, severe memory loss, or even death from alcohol poisoning or accidents. Long-term abuse of alcohol has devastating effects on one's health and can be fatal to the user. Alcohol explains all sides of using this powerful drug. Drugs are part of everyday lif...
