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Essentials of Machine Olfaction and Taste
Essentials of Machine Olfaction and Taste This book provides a valuable information source for olfaction and taste which includes a comprehensive and timely overview of the current state of knowledge of use for olfaction and taste machines Presents original, latest research in the field, with an emphasis on the recent development of human interfacing Covers the full range of artificial chemical senses including olfaction and taste, from basic through to advanced level Timely project in that mobile robots, olfactory displays and odour recorders are currently under research, driven by commercial demand
Biomimetic Sensor Technology
This book deals with biomimetic sensors that can quantify taste and smell - the electronic tongue and nose. Of all sensor technologies, these have been widely considered as the most difficult to realise and the development of these sensors significantly contributes to the understanding of the reception mechanisms in gustatory and olfactory systems. The author begins by dealing with the basic principles of measurement and multivariate analysis. Reception mechanisms in biological systems are briefly reviewed. Several types of biosensor, including enzyme-immobilized membranes, SPR, the quartz resonance oscillator and IC technologies are explained in detail. This book is the first to focus on artificial taste and smell sensors and also reviews conventional biosensors, such as enzyme sensors, in detail.
Physics of the Living State
Fluctuations are usually regarded as unwanted phenomena which mask signals that we need. Various techniques have been developed to suppress fluctuations or noise. In dealing with electronic devices we are always confronted with noise, which is classified as thermal noise, shot noise, generation-recombinant noise and 1/f noise. The first three noises are known well, the fourth is not so well known. 1/f noise has been a mystery for a long time since it was first observed by Johnson in 1925 in the low frequency part of the noise spectrum of an electrical current passing a vacuum tube.
Flux Pinning in Superconductors
This book covers the flux pinning mechanisms and properties and the electromagnetic phenomena caused by the flux pinning common for metallic, high-Tc and MgB2 superconductors. The condensation energy interaction known for normal precipitates or grain boundaries and the kinetic energy interaction proposed for artificial Nb pins in Nb-Ti, etc., are introduced for the pinning mechanism. Summation theories to derive the critical current density are discussed in detail. Irreversible magnetization and AC loss caused by the flux pinning are also discussed. The loss originally stems from the ohmic dissipation of normal electrons in the normal core driven by the electric field induced by the flux mot...
Biochemical Sensors
This book is the first to comprehensively treat sensors for gustatory and olfactory senses. It will be highly useful to students and researchers in a wide variety of scientific fields and also to those in the fields of foods, perfumes, medicines and robotics as the sensor applications.
Superconductivity and Electromagnetism
This book introduces readers to the characteristic features of electromagnetic phenomena in superconductivity. It first demonstrates not only that the diamagnetism in the superconductivity complies with Maxwell’s theory, which was formulated before the discovery of superconductivity, but also that the dominant E-B analogy in the electromagnetism loses perfection without the superconductivity. The book then explores flux pinning, which is responsible for the non-dissipative current in DC, leading to irreversibility in AC. Drawing on Maxwell’s work, it also proves theoretically that if there is no energy dissipation in the superconductivity caused by the break in time reversal symmetry, it...
Advances in Superconductivity VIII
Since the discovery of superconductivity with trans1tton temperatures above 77 K, concentrated research activities toward the exploration of practical applica tions of these materials have been carried out. Currently, a remarkable improve ment in superconducting properties has been achieved due to the fine optimization of fabrication processes, and this has attracted industrial interest for future applications. In the case of NdBa Cu 0 materials, a new pinning mecha 2 3 7 nism was found which enhances the critical current under applied magnetic fields. In single crystals of these materials, oxygen control results in an increase in the growth rate. The metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (...
Vortex Electronics and SQUIDs
Understanding the nature of vortices in high-Tc superconductors is a crucial subject for research on superconductive electronics, especially for superconducting interference devices (SQUIDs), it is also a fundamental problem in condensed-matter physics. Recent technological progress in methods for both direct and indirect observation of vortices, e.g. scanning SQUID, terahertz imaging, and microwave excitation, has led to new insights into vortex physics, the dynamic behavior of vortices in junctions and related questions of noise. This book presents the current status of research activity and provides new information on the applications of SQUIDs, including magnetocardiography, immunoassays, and laser-SQUID microscopes, all of which are close to being commercially available.
Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials
Proceedings of the Tenth International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, July 12-16, 1993.
Integrated Analytical Systems
Lntegration, a new paradigm in analytical chemistry; Integration in science and technology; Integration in analytical chemistry; Partsand components; Supportedreagents; Separation membranes; Systems; Total analysis systems; Miniaturised systems; Networked systems; Sensors; Electrochemical sensors; Optochemical sensors; Arraysystems; Redundant-sensor array systems; Selective-sensor array systems; Cross-selective sensor array systems; Microsystems; Microsensors; Analytical microsystems; Array microsystems; Nanosystems; Conclusions and perspectives; lntegrated separation systems; General principIes ofbi-phase separation; Thermodynamics ofbi-phase equilibrium; Integration concepts in bi-phase se...
