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Intended mainly for advanced graduate students in theoretical physics, this comprehensive volume covers recent advances in string theory and field theory dualities. It is based on the annual lectures given at the School of the Theoretical Advanced Study Institute (2003) a traditional event that brings together graduate students in high energy physics for an intensive course given by leaders in their fields.The first lecture by Paul Aspinwall is a description of branes in Calabi-Yau manifolds, which includes an introduction to the modern ideas of derived categories and their relation to D-branes. Juan Maldacena's second lecture is a short introduction to the AdS/CFT correspondence with a shor...
Equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of correlated many-body systems are of growing interest in many fields of physics, including condensed matter, dense plasmas, nuclear matter and particles. The most powerful and general method which applies equally to all these areas is given by quantum field theory.Written by the leading experts and understandable to non-specialists, this book provides an overview on the basic ideas and concepts of the method of nonequilibrium Green's functions. It is complemented by modern applications of the method to a variety of topics, such as optics and transport in dense plasmas and semiconductors; correlations, bound states and coherence; strong field effects and short-pulse lasers; nuclear matter and QCD.Authors include: Gordon Bayan, Pawel Danielewicz, Don DuBois, Hartmut Haug, Klaus Henneberger, Antti-Pekka Jauho, Jörn Kuoll, Dietrich Kremp, Pavel Lipavsky and Paul C Martin.
The 28th conference from the Rochester series was the major high energy physics conference in 1996. Volume one contains short reports on new theoretical and experimental results. Volume two consists of the review talks presented in the plenary sessions.
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This book traces the parallel paths of physics and astronomy at the University of Pennsylvania, starting with their genesis in the 18th century, through the rising stature of both departments in the 20th century, and concluding with their unification in 1994. Along the way we meet David Rittenhouse, who observed the transit of Venus in 1769, Charles Doolittle, whose remarkable beard would freeze to his telescope on cold nights, Gaylord Harnwell, who transformed first the physics department and then the entire university, and Raymond Davis, who uncovered a mystery in the middle of the sun. The stories are tragic (Arthur Goodspeed failed to discover X-rays through inattention), horrifying (Dicran Kabakjian poisoned an entire neighborhood), and celebratory (three Penn physicists received the Nobel Prize in the late 20th Century). The reader will gain an appreciation, not just of the history of one institution, but of the ways these two disciplines both intersect and complement each other.
Julian Schwinger was one of the leading theoretical physicists of the twentieth century. His contributions are as important, and as pervasive, as those of Richard Feynman, with whom (and with Sin-itiro Tomonaga) he shared the 1965 Nobel Prize for Physics. Yet, while Feynman is universally recognized as a cultural icon, Schwinger is little known even to many within the physics community. In his youth, Julian Schwinger was a nuclear physicist, turning to classical electrodynamics after World War II. In the years after the war, he was the first to renormalize quantum electrodynamics. Subsequently, he presented the most complete formulation of quantum field theory and laid the foundations for th...