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Placebo and Pain
The placebo effect continues to fascinate scientists, scholars, and clinicians, resulting in an impressive amount of research, mainly in the field of pain. While recent experimental and clinical studies have unraveled salient aspects of the neurobiological substrates and clinical relevance of pain and placebo analgesia, an authoritative source remained lacking until now. By presenting and integrating a broad range of research, Placebo and Pain enhances readers’ knowledge about placebo and nocebo effects, reexamines the methodology of clinical trials, and improves the therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from pain. Review for Placebo and Pain: “This ambitious book is the first co...
Placebo and Nocebo Effects in Psychiatry and Beyond
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Interoception, Contemplative Practice, and Health
There is an emergent movement of scientists and scholars working on somatic awareness, interoception and embodiment. This work cuts across studies of neurophysiology, somatic anthropology, contemplative practice, and mind-body medicine. Key questions include: How is body awareness cultivated? What role does interoception play for emotion and cognition in healthy adults and children as well as in different psychopathologies? What are the neurophysiological effects of this cultivation in practices such as Yoga, mindfulness meditation, Tai Chi and other embodied contemplative practices? What categories from other traditions might be useful as we explore embodiment? Does the cultivation of body ...
Credition - An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Nature of Beliefs and Believing
The concept of credition represents an innovative research field at the interface of the natural sciences and the humanities addressing the nature of beliefs and believing. Credition signifies the integrative information processing that is brought about by neurophysiologically defined neural activity in the brain affording decision making. In analogy to cognition and emotion it is mediated by neural processes and constrains behavior by predictive coding. Three categories of beliefs have been defined on the background of evolutionary biology that can be differentiated linguistically. The goal of the collection of research papers is to provide an interdisciplinary discourse on an international...
Psychological Responses to Violations of Expectations: Perspectives and Answers from Diverse Fields of Psychology
From Pavlov's dog expecting food when hearing a bell to stereotypes as expectations about other people’s behaviour, from Bandura’s self-efficacy as expectation for success and failure of one’s own behaviour to the "predictive brain" concept in current perception theories: expectations have been a central construct in different areas of psychological research. In each of these areas, specific concepts, theoretical approaches, and empirical methods have been developed to explain when and why expectations persist and when they do not. Many theories assume that expectations are likely to change in the face of disconfirming evidence. However, sometimes expectations persist even though they ...
Placebo and Pain
More invasive and impressive therapeutic rituals are generally believed to be more powerful interventions than less impressive ones. This chapter reviews and discusses evidence from randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses for such a differential effectiveness of placebo interventions. Evidence from clinical research that different types of placebo are regularly associated with different magnitudes of placebo effect is limited. However, one area where hints from a variety of sources are accumulating is sham acupuncture in the treatment of pain. Furthermore, there is preliminary evidence that sham surgery and ambiguous evidence that sham injections are associated with enhanced placebo effects on pain. Among the factors that may account for a greater effectiveness of such treatment procedures are the lively perceptual context of the procedures themselves, the attention and enhanced emotional support by healthcare providers, and the increased expectation and motivation of patients. A differential effectiveness of placebo control procedures in clinical trials would have important implications for clinical research.
Neural Substrates of Acupuncture: from Peripheral to Central Nervous System Mechanisms
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Processes of Believing: The Acquisition, Maintenance, and Change in Creditions
This volume answers the question: Why do we believe what we believe? It examines current research on the concept of beliefs, and the development in our understanding of the process of believing. It takes into account empirical findings in the field of neuroscience regarding the processes that underlie beliefs, and discusses the notion that beyond the interactive exploratory analysis of sensory information from the complex outside world, humans engage in an evaluative analysis by which they attribute personal meaning and relevance to the probabilistic representations of objects and events. Beliefs exert a strong influence on behaviour, decision-making, and identifying and solving problems. De...
Placebo and Pain
Studies of placebo analgesia necessarily involve the induction and reporting of pain. The pain report is the basic dependent variable in many studies of placebo analgesia, and reported pain should ideally reflect the pain experience. However, the pain report is subject to a number of different influences that threaten the internal validity of research on pain and, consequently, placebo analgesia. The study of placebo analgesia introduces several other issues, in terms of the design of studies that researchers must deal with. Many methodologic issues have been solved, but some important issues are still unresolved. The concept of expectation is central to studies of placebo effects, and poses special challenges in terms of its conceptual status and its measurement.
