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Organic thin film devices’ performance depends on their properties, such as the crystallinity of the active layer and the specific arrangement of molecules in it. The morphology of molecular structures can be studied using imaging techniques (such as atomic force microscopy AFM, scanning tunneling microscopy STM, and scanning electron microscopy SEM),but to gain a more complete understanding of their nature, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) may be used. During a TPD experiment, the temperature of the adsorbate-adsorbent system is increased linearly while simultaneously the number of desorbing molecules is measured. The resulting TPD spectrum may be used to determine the type of stru...
The climate crisis that we are facing has galvanized the scientific and engineering communities and has led to the rapid development of new, efficient, environmentally-friendly devices. One of the most promising classes of materials for such applications are transition metal oxides. This is due to the fact that by controlling the oxygen content in these crystals by means of reduction and oxidation, the material properties can be tuned in a wide range of values. Thus, the transition metal oxides, such as the model crystals, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3), find use in so many different fields, from photocatalysis, to energy storage (solid oxide fuel cells), information...
The main goal of this thesis is to present the theoretical basis and applications of low energy electron diffraction LEED – a technique used to ascertain the type of surface reconstruction of crystalline surfaces and the character of its nanostructures. The additional goal was to show the distortions of diffraction patterns present in the apparatus and to explain their causes. The surface (110) of titania in the form of rutile has been used both to compare the diffraction patterns with the scanning tunnelling microscope images and to show the present distortions. In this thesis the native surface and ion beam-modified surface of TiO2 has been investigated. TiO2(110) was chosen, because its...
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Comprehensive and multidisciplinary presentation of the current trends in trace elements for human, animals, plants, and the environment This reference provides the latest research into the presence, characterization, and applications of trace elements and their role in humans, animals, and plants as well as their use in developing novel, functional feeds, foods, and fertilizers. It takes an interdisciplinary approach to the subject, describing the biological and industrial applications of trace elements. It covers various topics, such as the occurrence, role, and monitoring of trace elements and their characterization, as well as applications from the preliminary research to laboratory tria...