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Includes entries for maps and atlases.
The editors present a collection of 23 historical papers exploring relationships between "the Germans" (necessarily adopting different senses of the term for different periods or different topics) and their immediate neighbors to the East. The eras discussed range from the Middle Ages to European integration. Examples of specific topics addressed include the Teutonic order in the development of the political culture of Northeastern Europe during the Middle ages, Teutonic-Balt relations in the chronicles of the Baltic Crusades, the emergence of Polenliteratur in 18th century Germany, German colonization in the Banat and Transylvania in the 18th century, changing meanings of "German" in Habsburg Central Europe, German military occupation and culture on the Eastern Front in Word War I, interwar Poland and the problem of Polish-speaking Germans, the implementation of Nazi racial policy in occupied Poland, Austro-Czechoslovak relations and the post-war expulsion of the Germans, and narratives of the lost German East in Cold War West Germany.
The emergence of start-up companies and new forms of entrepreneurship has become a significant challenge for entrepreneurs and decision-makers who shape the businesses and economies of the future. This book presents the results of international research, analyses, and experiences with start-ups, delving into their strengths and weaknesses as well as the challenges and attitudes that drive their quest for success. It identifies and analyzes various determinants that shape entrepreneurship, shedding light on new conditions that inspire and affect running a business in a new dynamically changing economic reality. It also presents strategies and concepts used by novice entrepreneurs to overcome ...
In the history of the development of Polish law and administration, the short period of the constitutional Duchy of Warsaw, and next of the Kingdom of Poland, was a special time. This is because it was the only moment in the 19th century when the Polish elites gained an opportunity to concentrate their efforts on the organization of the modern state machinery. This book presents the process of restructuring the administrative structures following the collapse of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw and before the establishment of the Kingdom of Poland in 1815. The author focuses on the approach of the Polish elites to the nascent modern state, increasing importance of administration within it and to the young Polish bureaucrats.
This book offers a timely snapshot of research and developments in the area of air traffic engineering and management. It covers mathematical, modeling, reliability and optimization methods applied for improving different stages of flight operations, including both aerodrome and terminal airspace operations. It analyses and highlights important legal and safety aspects, and discusses timely issues such as those concerned with Brexit and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. Gathering selected papers presented at the 6th edition of the International Scientific Conference on Air Traffic Engineering, ATE 2020, held in October 2020 in Warsaw, Poland, this book offers a timely and inspiring source of information for both researchers and professionals in the field of air traffic engineering and management.
"This source-reader invites you to encounter the world of one thousand years of Jewish self-government in eastern Europe. It tells about the beginnings in the Middle Ages, delves into the unfolding of communal hierarchies and supra-communal representation in the early modern period, and reflects on the impact of the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and of growing state interference, as well as on the communist and post-communist periods. Translated into English from Hebrew, Latin, Yiddish, Polish, Russian, German, and other languages, in most cases for the first time, the sources illustrate communal life, the interdependence of civil and religious leadership, the impact of state legislation, Jewish-non-Jewish encounters, reform projects and political movements, but also Jewish resilience during the Holocaust"--