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Central Bank Digital Currency and Other Digital Payments in Sub-Saharan Africa
This Fintech Note reports key findings from the Sub-Saharan Africa Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and Digital Payments Survey, shedding light on the motivations, benefits, and challenges of CBDC adoption, as well as the developments of digital private money and crypto assets in sub-Saharan Africa. It emphasizes the pivotal role of collaboration and shared knowledge in navigating the intricate landscape of digital currencies and assets in sub-Saharan Africa. As this evolving digital frontier is explored, the experiences and aspirations of the region’s central banks, as expressed in the survey, will help harness the potential for digital currencies, assets, and payments, and foster cooperation among countries in sub-Saharan Africa. A forthcoming IMF Departmental Paper will focus on key issues for countries in sub-Saharan Africa pertaining to CBDCs, private digital payments, and crypto assets. It will provide a deeper discussion of the benefits, costs, and risks of these digital payment systems and present policy options to enhance financial digital development and inclusion, while safeguarding macroeconomic and financial stability.
Uganda
Uganda: Selected Issues
Central African Republic
Central African Republic: Selected Issues
Central African Republic
Board approval of the new ECF-supported program helped avert a crisis in CAR. The new program immediately boosted investor confidence and markedly improved the government’s access to domestic financing. The program has also established a framework to implement much-needed fiscal and governance reforms, unlock IFI financing, safeguard public service delivery in social sectors. Yet, the overall environment has stayed fragile due to protracted security risks and a volatile political situation, which was recently heightened by a constitutional reform that removed presidential term limits. Further, the macroeconomic standing remains weak as CAR continues to climb out of the loss of budget support and severe disruptions in the local fuel market.
Positioning Central Bank Digital Currency in the Payments Landscape
The IMF is frequently approached by central banks seeking guidance on the balance between central bank digital currency (CBDC), fast payment systems (FPS), and electronic money (e-money) solutions. Common questions arising include: Do central banks need a CBDC when already equipped with other well-established digital payments systems? For central banks with less-developed solutions: Should central banks establish one system over the other? This discussion is then compounded by the reality of constrained resources. This note focuses on the comparison of retail CBDC—that is, the presence of digital central bank money available to the general public—with FPS and e-money systems from a payme...
République Centrafricaine
L'approbation par le Conseil d'administration du nouveau programme appuyé par la FEC a permis d'éviter une crise en République Centrafricaine (RCA). Ce nouveau programme a immédiatement renforcé la confiance des investisseurs et considérablement amélioré l'accès des autorités au financement intérieur. Il a également institué un dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre les réformes des finances publiques et de la gouvernance indispensables, débloquer les financements des Institutions Financières Internationales (IFI) et protéger la prestation des services publics dans les secteurs sociaux. Toutefois, la situation générale reste fragile en raison de la persistance des risques sécuritaires et de la volatilité du contexte politique, récemment aggravée par une réforme constitutionnelle mettant fin à la limite du nombre de mandats présidentiels. En outre, la conjoncture macroéconomique demeure précaire, car la RCA continue de se remettre de la perte d’appuis budgétaires et de graves perturbations sur le marché local des carburants.
USER BIOMETRICS AUTHENTICATION (Comprehensive Analysis)
As the capabilities of mobile devices increase, their security is becoming more of an issue. Passwords and PINs are the lowest forms of security, yet they are the most widely used. Continuous authentication using behavioral biometrics and multimodal biometrics provides a way to greatly increase security. Using behavioral biometrics, such as linguistic profiling, keystroke dynamics, and behavior profiling, with text messages is a good way to analyze data and determine the identity of the user. Deciding which forms of authentication to use depends on the system the security is being provided for. User authentication in the workplace is a major concern. An effortless way to improve security would be to use a biometric-enabled bracelet to authorize and de-authorize a user when using a computer and when walking away. This book extensively surveyed the biometric user-authentication and particularly focused on mobile biometric authentication including emerging biometric authentication processes.
4th International Conference on Internet of Things and Connected Technologies (ICIoTCT), 2019
This book presents the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Internet of Things and Connected Technologies (ICIoTCT), held on May 9–10, 2019, at Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur, India. The Internet of Things (IoT) promises to usher in a revolutionary, fully interconnected “smart” world, with relationships between objects and their environment and objects and people becoming more tightly intertwined. The prospect of the Internet of Things as a ubiquitous array of devices bound to the Internet could fundamentally change how people think about what it means to be “online”. The ICIotCT 2019 conference provided a platform to discuss advances in Inte...
