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In response to recognition in the late 1960s and early 1970s that traditional incarceration was not working, alternatives to standard prison settings were sought and developed. One of those alternatives -- community-based corrections -- had been conceived in the 1950s as a system that might prove more progressive, humane, and effective, particularly with people who had committed less serious criminal offenses and for whom incarceration, with constant exposure to serious offenders and career criminals, might prove more damaging than rehabilitative. The alternative of community corrections has evolved to become a substantial part of the criminal justice and correctional system, spurred in rece...
Economics is the nexus and engine that runs society, affecting societal well-being, raising standards of living when economies prosper or lowering citizens through class structures when economies perform poorly. Our society only has to witness the booms and busts of the past decade to see how economics profoundly affects the cores of societies around the world. From a household budget to international trade, economics ranges from the micro- to the macro-level. It relates to a breadth of social science disciplines that help describe the content of the proposed encyclopedia, which will explicitly approach economics through varied disciplinary lenses. Although there are encyclopedias of coverin...
Federal, state, county, and municipal police forces all have their own codes of conduct, yet the ethics of being a police officer remain perplexing and are often difficult to apply in dynamic situations. The police misconduct statistics are staggering and indicate that excessive use of force comprises almost a quarter of misconduct cases, with sexual harassment, fraud/theft, and false arrest being the next most prevalent factors. The ethical issues and dilemmas in criminal justice also reach deep into the legal professions, the structure and administration of justice in society, and the personal characteristics of those in the criminal justice professions. The Encyclopedia of Criminal Justic...
Today′s research landscape requires an updated set of analytical skills to tell the story of how people interact with and make meaning from contemporary culture. Hybrid Ethnography: Online, Offline, and In Between provides researchers with concrete and theory-based processes to combine online and offline research methods to tell the story of how and why people are interacting with expressive culture. This book provides a roadmap for combining online and in-person ethnographic research in an explicit manner to support the reality of much contemporary fieldwork. In the tradition of the Qualitative Research Methods series, this concise book serves graduate students and faculty learning ethnography and field methods, as well as those designing, conducting, and writing up their own dissertations and research studies. From choosing the pursue a hybrid ethnographic strategy to collecting data to analyzing and sharing results, author Liz Przybylski covers all aspects of conducting a hybrid ethnography study. Hybrid Ethnography was awarded Honorable Mention for the 2021 Bruno Nettle Prize given by the Society for Ethnomusicology!
p.11-25; Description of appearance of original population; relationships with colonists and sealers; native women; Brief notes on foods, tatooing, rafts, weapons, canoes; Quotes early writers.
"Bringing together a highly diverse body of scholars, this comprehensive Research Handbook explores recent developments at the intersection of international law, sociology and social theory. It showcases a wide range of methodologies and approaches, including those inspired by traditional social thought as well as less familiar literature, including computational linguistics, performance theory and economic sociology. The Research Handbook highlights anew the potential contribution of sociological methods and theories to the study of international law, and illustrates their use in the examination of contemporary problems of practical interest to international lawyers."--Publisher's description.