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The European Union (EU) is attempting to integrate the science and engineering (S&E) research community and make the region's high concentration of science resources even more productive by encouraging greater cooperation and collaboration across borders. Data in this report describes growth in academic degrees, R&D, and gross domestic product (GDP). A high concentration of the world's scientific resources continue to reside in the European region. The current levels and projected growth of financial and human resources devoted to S&T in Europe pose some emerging issues that will be important in S&T policy discussions in the U.S. Charts and tables.
Combining history of science and a history of universities with the new imperial history, Universities in Imperial Austria 1848–1918: A Social History of a Multilingual Space by Jan Surman analyzes the practice of scholarly migration and its lasting influence on the intellectual output in the Austrian part of the Habsburg Empire. The Habsburg Empire and its successor states were home to developments that shaped Central Europe's scholarship well into the twentieth century. Universities became centers of both state- and nation-building, as well as of confessional resistance, placing scholars if not in conflict, then certainly at odds with the neutral international orientation of academe. By ...
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