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Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is the basic component of bone cements. To use it, a dough is prepared from the liquid and powder by mixing right before application, which is normally done by the operating team. During its working phase the dough is then inserted into the tissue where polymerization is completed. Thus, the final implant polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is only created at the implantation site. Besides methyl methacrylate, bone cements sometimes contain other methacrylates, such as butyl methacrylate. To achieve X-ray opacity, radiopacifiers (zirconium dioxide or barium sulfate) are added to the powder. Both the liquid and powder components contain additives (initiator and activator)...
Wie rechnete man bevor es Computer gab? Mit welchen Rechenhilfsmitteln konnten Ingenieure Maschinen konstruieren, die sicher und effizient funktionierten, Architekten Bauwerke planen, deren Statik sicher war, Wissenschaftler aus Meßreihen die Gesetze der Natur errechnen, und Kaufleute Gewinn und Verlust zahlenmäßg im Griff haben? Mit Rechenschiebern, Rechenmaschinen, Tabellenwerken und mathematischen Spezialinstrumenten erbrachten unsere Vorfahren verblüffende Leistungen. Dies galt ganz besonders in der Zeit der Zweiten Industriellen Revolution zwischen der Mitte des 19. und des 20. Jahrhunderts, als eine ganze Reihe technischer Erfindungen das Leben dramatisch veränderte, wie Strom und...
This volume proposes a theory of history education in formal classroom settings. Specifically, it aims to outline how the particular setting of the classroom interacts with domain-specific processes of historical thinking. The theory rests on the notion that formal school education is a communicative and social system, while historical thinking occurs in the psychological system of a person's historical consciousness. In the complex interaction of these systems, historical thinking, emotions, communication, media and language are of particular importance. Drawing upon educational theory as well as the theory of history, this theory of the history classroom provides a framework as well as a solid foundation for future empirical research, both for developing research questions as well as for interpreting findings.
From New York Times best-selling author and creator of the popular Ring of Fire series Eric Flint. A new collection of short stories by a master of sciecne fiction, fantasy, and alternate history. WELCOME TO THE MANY WORLDS OF BEST-SELLING AUTHOR ERIC FLINT Known for his New York Times best-selling alternate history novels, Flint is equally a master of shorter forms, and this second large volume gathers more of Flint’s shorter works. Including several stories and a short novel set in Flint’s celebrated Ring of Fire alternate history series. A commemorative novelette set in Poul Anderson’s Operation Chaos universe. A story with Dave Freer, set in his and Flint’s popular Rats, Bats and...
This concise, user-oriented and up-to-date desk reference offers a broad introduction to the fascinating world of medical technology, fully considering today’s progress and further development in all relevant fields. The Springer Handbook of Medical Technology is a systemized and well-structured guideline which distinguishes itself through simplification and condensation of complex facts. This book is an indispensable resource for professionals working directly or indirectly with medical systems and appliances every day. It is also meant for graduate and post graduate students in hospital management, medical engineering, and medical physics.
"A complete introduction to strategy in the contemporary world, which critically explores the enduring, present and emerging issues dominating the field of strategy." 4e de couv.
Conformation of Biopolymers, Volume 2 provides information pertinent to proteins, polypeptides, and polysaccharides. This book discusses the development in the studies on collagen and related polypeptides. Organized into three parts encompassing 24 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the structure of polyglycine II with chains running in opposite directions as indicated by the existence of lamellar crystals in electron microscopy. This text then explores the capability of various polypeptides to form the collagen fold. Other chapters consider the effect of pyrrolidine residues on the helix–coil transitions of different native collagens and cross-linked single chain gelatins. This book discusses as well the results of hydrodynamic experiments on native amylose. The final chapter deals with X-ray and electron microscope studies, which are described for two principal types of chitin–protein complex found in insect cuticles. This book is a valuable resource for physicists, biophysicists, crystallographers, and research workers.