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Ptolemy's Geography
Ptolemy's Geography is the only book on cartography to have survived from the classical period and one of the most influential scientific works of all time. Written in the second century AD, for more than fifteen centuries it was the most detailed topography of Europe and Asia available and the best reference on how to gather data and draw maps. Ptolemy championed the use of astronomical observation and applied mathematics in determining geographical locations. But more importantly, he introduced the practice of writing down coordinates of latitude and longitude for every feature drawn on a world map, so that someone else possessing only the text of the Geography could reproduce Ptolemy's map at any time, in whole or in part, at any scale. Here Berggren and Jones render an exemplary translation of the Geography and provide a thorough introduction, which treats the historical and technical background of Ptolemy's work, the contents of the Geography, and the later history of the work.
The First Copernican
In May, 1539, a young, German mathematician named Georg Joachim Rheticus traveled hundreds of miles across Europe in the hopes of meeting and spending a few days with the legendary astronomer, Nicolas Copernicus, in Frombork, Poland. Two and a half years later, Rheticus was still there, fascinated by what he was discovering, but largely engaged in trying to convince Copernicus to publish his masterwork-De revolutionibus (On the Revolutions of the Heavens), the first book to posit that the sun was the center of the universe. That he was finally able to do so just as Copernicus was dying became a turning point for science and civilization. That he then went on to a legendary career of his own-he founded the field of trigonometry, for example-will be one of the many surprises in this eye-opening book, which will restore Rheticus to his rightful place in the history of science.
Copernicus in the Cultural Debates of the Renaissance
In Copernicus in the Cultural Debates of the Renaissance, Pietro Daniel Omodeo presents a general overview of the reception of Copernicus’s astronomical proposal from the years immediately preceding the publication of De revolutionibus (1543) to the Roman prohibition of heliocentric hypotheses in 1616. Relying on a detailed investigation of early modern sources, the author systematically examines a series of issues ranging from computation to epistemology, natural philosophy, theology and ethics. In addition to offering a pluralistic and interdisciplinary perspective on post-Copernican astronomy, the study goes beyond purely cosmological and geometrical issues and engages in a wide-ranging discussion of how Copernicus’s legacy interacted with European culture and how his image and theories evolved as a result.
A Military History of the Ottomans
The Ottoman Army had a significant effect on the history of the modern world and particularly on that of the Middle East and Europe. This study, written by a Turkish and an American scholar, is a revision and corrective to western accounts because it is based on Turkish interpretations, rather than European interpretations, of events. As the world's dominant military machine from 1300 to the mid-1700's, the Ottoman Army led the way in military institutions, organizational structures, technology, and tactics. In decline thereafter, it nevertheless remained a considerable force to be counted in the balance of power through 1918. From its nomadic origins, it underwent revolutions in military af...
Machine Learning Methods for Stylometry
This book presents methods and approaches used to identify the true author of a doubtful document or text excerpt. It provides a broad introduction to all text categorization problems (like authorship attribution, psychological traits of the author, detecting fake news, etc.) grounded in stylistic features. Specifically, machine learning models as valuable tools for verifying hypotheses or revealing significant patterns hidden in datasets are presented in detail. Stylometry is a multi-disciplinary field combining linguistics with both statistics and computer science. The content is divided into three parts. The first, which consists of the first three chapters, offers a general introduction ...
Copernicus and the Aristotelian Tradition
Taking into account the most important results of the scholarly literature since 1973 and the best Polish scholarship of the past century, this is the first comprehensive study of Copernicus's achievement in English that examines Copernicus's path to heliocentrism from the perspective of late medieval philosophy, the Renaissance recovery of ancient literature and science, and early-modern editions of books that Copernicus used. The principal goals are to explain his commitment to the existence of celestial spheres, and the logical foundations for his views about hypotheses. In doing so, the work elucidates the logical and philosophical background that contributed to his accomplishments, and explains the limitations of his achievement. Medieval and Early Modern Science, 12
The History Written on the Classical Greek Body
Shows that history written on the basis of texts alone creates a misleading picture of classical Greece.
Childhood in Ancient Athens
Childhood in Ancient Athens offers an in-depth study of children during the heyday of the Athenian city state, thereby illuminating a significant social group largely ignored by most ancient and modern authors alike. It concentrates not only on the child's own experience, but also examines the perceptions of children and childhood by Athenian society: these perceptions variously exhibit both similarities and stark contrasts with those of our own 21st century Western society. The study covers the juvenile life course from birth and infancy through early and later childhood, and treats these life stages according to the topics of nurture, play, education, work, cult and ritual, and death. In v...
The Development of Morality
80 pages. Koneczny claims that ethics is a science that deserves to be studies as all others. Ethical reactions may come from the heart but they need reason to be fruitfully employed. It is the Chinese who derive ethics from emotional assumptions. In the Latin civilization we base it on reason. Koneczny rejects the notion that morality is eternally unchangeable. It develops and he, as a historian, studied this development. It used to be acceptable to have slaves, now it is not. It used to be acceptable to have duels, now it is not. Revenge (vendetta) used to be considered a moral obligation, now it is forbidden. There is moral progress regardless whether in a particular society morality or immorality is dominant.There is no crime that would not be considered a virtue in some society, be it killing children and the aged, sexual license in honor of some deity, human sacrifices, cannibalism, polygamy, polyandry etc. Yet all develop in the direction of improvement. This requires a culture of action.
