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Should all mothers breast-feed their children? This question remains controversial in the twenty-first century. In an interview with the newspaper Liberation in 2010, feminist philosopher Elisabeth Badinter claimed that the pressure to breast-feed signified “a reduction of woman to the status of an animal species, as though we were all female chimpanzees.” The debate over maternal nursing held even more urgency before pasteurization provided a safe alternative in the early 1900s. While scholars of literary criticism and art history have described the abundance of breast-feeding imagery following the publication of Rousseau’s Emile in 1762, little has been written on its manifestations ...
In 1919 the NAACP organized a voting bloc powerful enough to compel the city of Atlanta to budget $1.5 million for the construction of schools for black students. This victory would have been remarkable in any era, but in the context of the Jim Crow South it was revolutionary. Schooling Jim Crow tells the story of this little-known campaign, which happened less than thirteen years after the Atlanta race riot of 1906 and just weeks before a wave of anti-black violence swept the nation in the summer after the end of World War I. Despite the constant threat of violence, Atlanta’s black voters were able to force the city to build five black grammar schools and Booker T. Washington High School,...
When Joanna Wolfarth was pregnant with her first child, she assumed she would breastfeed, as her mother had fed her. Yet she was unprepared for the startling realities of new motherhood. Then, just four weeks after the birth, she found herself back in hospital with an underweight baby, bewildered by inconsistent advice and overcome with feelings of guilt and isolation. Months later, her cultural historian's impulse led her to look to the past for guidance. What she discovered, neglected in the archives, amazed and reassured her. By piecing together cultural debris - from fragments of ancient baby bottles to eighteenth-century breast pumps, from the Palaeolithic Woman of Willendorf figurine t...
This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. Engine of modernity examines the connection between public transportation and popular culture in nineteenth-century Paris through a focus on the omnibus - a horse-drawn vehicle of urban transport. The omnibus generated innovations in social practices by compelling passengers of diverse backgrounds to interact within the vehicle’s close confines. The arrival of the omnibus in the streets of Paris and in the pages of popular literature acted as a motor for a fundamental cultural shift in how people thought about the city, its social life, and its artistic representations. At the intersection of literary criticism and cultural history, Engine of modernity argues that the omnibus was a metaphor through which writers and artists explored evolving social dynamics of class and gender, meditated on the meaning of progress and change, and reflected on one’s own literary and artistic practices.
Obwohl als »sekundäres Geschlechtsmerkmal« bezeichnet, ist die weibliche Brust von primärem Interesse. Sie nährt, aber verführt auch, gilt als heilig oder verderbt – je nach Zeitalter und Kulturkreis, Kontext und Blickrichtung. An ihrer Einhegung und Tabuisierung wird der männliche Anspruch auf Kontrolle über den weiblichen Körper in vielfältiger Weise augenfällig. Frauenbrüste sind bis heute ein Politikum, wenn sie abseits von Sauna und FKK-Strand öffentlich gezeigt werden, und selbst ihre »haltlose« Sichtbarkeit unter der Kleidung wird als unziemliche Provokation empfunden. Anja Zimmermann untersucht diesen vieldeutig-vielseitigen Körperteil aus verschiedenen Perspektiven, immer aber mit politischer Fragestellung. Es geht um Kunst und Pornografie, um Moden und Geschlechternormen, um Mutterideal und Heteronormativität, um Body Positivity und Selbstbestimmung, Sexismus und Protest. Eine intensive Betrachtung der Bilder und Bedeutungen weiblicher Büsten, und tatsächlich: eine Befreiung!
Reconciling Art and Mothering contributes a chorus of new voices to the burgeoning body of scholarship on art and the maternal and, for the first time, focuses exclusively on maternal representations and experiences within visual art throughout the world. This innovative essay collection joins the voices of practicing artists with those of art historians, acknowledging the fluidity of those categories. The twenty-five essays of Reconciling Art and Mothering are grouped into two sections, the first written by art historians and the second by artists. Art historians reflect on the work of artists addressing motherhood-including Marguerite G?rd, Chana Orloff, and Ren?Cox-from the early nineteen...
A landmark study in the history of sexuality which redefines thinking about sex and gender in nineteenth-century France and beyond.
Abstracts of dissertations available on microfilm or as xerographic reproductions.