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Effective Altruism and the Human Mind
"Humans are more altruistic than one might think. Many of us want to have a positive impact on the world. We donate to charity, volunteer for a good cause, or choose a career to make a difference. Annual US donations sum to $500 billion-about 2% of GDP-and no less than 25% of Americans volunteer for a good cause. People make real altruistic sacrifices on a scale that's often underappreciated."--
Using Substances to Enhance Performance: A Psychology of Neuroenhancement
Neuroenhancement (NE) is a behavior conceptualized as the use of a potentially psychoactive substance to enhance ones’ already proficient cognitive capacities. Depending on the specific definitions used, prevalence estimates vary greatly between very low 0.3% (for illicit substances) to astonishingly high 89% (for freely available lifestyle substances). These variations indicate that further research and more conceptual and theoretical clarification of the NE construct is dearly needed. The contributions of this research topic aim to do just that. Specific questions addressed are: How prevalent is NE behavior? How can NE research profit from the already more evolved field of social science...
Appealing to the Crowd
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. It is free to read on Oxford Academic and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. This book offers a close examination of the ethical, political, and practical dimensions of donation-based online crowdfunding for basic needs including medical treatment, housing, food, and education. Crowdfunding uses online platforms and social networks to raise money from friends, family, and complete strangers for a variety of projects and needs. This practice has grown massively worldwide in recent years in terms of the numbers of crowdfunding campaigns and donors, money raised, visibil...
How We Value Animals
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Experiments in Moral and Political Philosophy
This volume presents new research on the use of experimental methodologies in moral and social philosophy. The contributions reflect the growing plurality of methodologies and strategies for implementing experimental work on morality to new domains, problems, and topics. Philosophers are exploring the ways in which empirical approaches can transform our idea of the good, our understanding of the social nature of norms and morality, and our methods of fulfilling ethical goals. The chapters in this volume extend experimental work on morality to previously underexplored areas. The contributions in Part 1 explore the methods and foundations of experimental work in areas such as folk moral judgme...
Pharmacological Enhancements in the Military
Human enhancement is a rapidly advancing field and the speed of advance of technology, from being available to being used, results in a delay to the ethics surrounding it. This is true of pharmacological enhancement (PCE) as much as exoskeletons and human-machine interfacing. Ethical issues arising from human enhancement include autonomy, safety and dignity. The first two are the cornerstones of the ethics surrounding informed consent (IC) which emanated from the necessity to protect human subjects against the risks of research. What remains unclear is how those risks are quantified, who decides whether the risk is an acceptable one and whether IC is required. This volume explores all these legal and ethical issues, including the theory and history of IC and the role of military doctors.
Augmentation of Brain Function: Facts, Fiction and Controversy
The Volume II is entitled “Neurostimulation and pharmacological approaches”. This volume describes augmentation approaches, where improvements in brain functions are achieved by modulation of brain circuits with electrical or optical stimulation, or pharmacological agents. Activation of brain circuits with electrical currents is a conventional approach that includes such methods as (i) intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), (ii) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and (iii) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). tDCS and TMS are often regarded as noninvasive methods. Yet, they may induce long-lasting plastic changes in the brain. This is why some authors consider the term ...
More Equal Than Others
Unprecedented demands have recently arrived at the doorstep of courts and parliaments the world over: nonhuman animals should receive some of the rights that have so far been reserved to human beings. This development has raised fundamental questions about the nature of legal rights, and who should have them. More Equal Than Others: Humans and the Rights of Other Animals provides a sustained analysis of the fundamental rights of human and nonhuman animals to explore the issue of whether conferring fundamental legal rights to animals would undermine the equal status and rights of humans. Raffael N Fasel proposes an unorthodox but practical solution to this issue: the Species Membership Approa...
Multiple Knowledges. Learning from/with Other Beings
This issue of Transpositiones showcases a range of interdisciplinary and critical approaches to classic and alternative conceptions of cognition and sources of knowledge. The articles reflect on the many types of sensory and extrasensory knowledge available to non-human beings and wonder whether and in what ways can we, as humans, perceive, conceptualize, and respect these knowledges. The authors highlight how the existence of multiple knowledges questions species boundaries and onto- and epistemological perspectives, in the process of learning not only about other beings but also from and along with them. This selection of texts attempts to contribute to overcoming the anthropocentric perception of subjectivity and to the abandoning of an optics based on the dualisms of nature and culture, spirit and matter, subject and object, animate and inanimate nature, physis and techne, etc., which are so firmly entrenched in the Western intellectual tradition.
The Practical Origins of Ideas
"This book builds on a series of published articles...these articles grew out of a dissertation written under the auspices of Markus Wild and Martin Kusch"-- Acknowledgement.
