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Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: new therapeutic interventions
Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus (DM), is a disease that occurs when the glucose level in the blood becomes too high (hyperglycaemia). Chronic hyperglycaemia is accompanied by both biochemical and pathological complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes mellitus can be classified into two types: type I which results from the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin insufficiency and type II diabetes mellitus, which is mainly related to insulin resistance. Optimal control of blood glucose levels remains the cornerstone of managing DM. To date, the major classes of antidiabetic medications used to treat diabetes include: biguanides, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and the various types of insulin. Several of these drugs may have, besides their antidiabetic properties, also important cardiovascular complications for the patients taking them.
Incidental Radiological Findings
This book covers incidental radiological findings (IFs) from different perspectives, provides interesting ethical background information, highlights the differences between IFs in clinical routine and during research studies, explains the management of IFs with reference to practices in different countries. The prevalence of IFs is increasing due to the wider use of modern imaging modalities in routine clinical practice and large population-based cohort studies. The reporting of these findings may lead to further diagnostic investigations and treatment and must therefore be handled with knowledge and care. The management of IFs in clinical routine is regulated by the guidelines of the different academic societies, while management in the setting of research studies depends on a variety of factors. In general, IFs must be disclosed to the imaged subject if they are potentially clinically relevant, but subjects must also be protected from the consequences of false positive findings. This book, written by distinguished experts in their fields, discusses all these issues and will be of interest to radiologists, other clinicians, and radiographers/technicians.
Multi-Modality Interventional Imaging, An Issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, E-Book
In this issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, guest editor Dr. Thomas Smith brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Multi-Modality Interventional Imaging. Top experts cover key topics such as 4D ICE, the next frontier in structural imaging: current technology and an IC needs assessment; tricuspid valve TEER guidance with transesophageal echocardiography and ICE; CT procedure planning for transcatheter mitral valve replacement; the use of CT for LAAO procedure planning and post-procedure assessment; and more. Contains 10 relevant, practice-oriented topics including 4D ICE guidance of left atrial appendage closure: risks and benefits of forgoing transesophageal echocardiography...
Transcatheter Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Therapies
ranscatheter valve therapies have emerged as a viable treatments option for patients deemed high risk for conventional surgery. Whilst transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is now established as the standard of care in high-risk aortic stenosis patients, the mitral and tricuspid frontiers have proved to be more challenging. Anatomical heterogeneity, device development, refining patient selection and until recently the absence of randomised data have all been contributing factors. For mitral regurgitation, transcatheter edge to edge repair (TEER) now benefits from positive randomised data along with significant advancements in device technology. Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) options are also making rapid progress. More recently, tricuspid regurgitation has become the central focus of the structural heart community having previously been referred to as the “forgotten valve”
