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The U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is an international treaty that aims to protect the rights of children worldwide. It defines a child as any human being under the age of 18, and calls on Parties to take all appropriate measures to ensure that children¿s rights are protected -- incl. the right to a name and nationality, freedom of speech and thought, access to healthcare and educ., and freedom from exploitation, torture, and abuse. CRC entered into force in Sept. 1990, and has been ratified by 193 countries. Two countries, the U.S. and Somalia, have not ratified CRC. This report provides an overview of CRC¿s background and structure and examines evolving U.S. policy toward the Convention, incl. past and current Admin. positions.
Contents: (1) Overview of the U.N. Comm. on Human Rights: The U.S. and U.N. Human Rights Efforts; The U.N. Human Rights Council and U.N. Reform; (2) Council Mandate and Respon.; Council Structure and Composition; (3) Overview of the Council¿s Work and Elections; Controversial Issues and the Sec.-General¿s Response; (4) Election Results: U.S Response; Obama Admin.; Bush Admin.; Congressional Actions re: Council Funding; (5) Congressional Issues: U.S. Funding of the Council; Effectiveness of the Council; The Council and Alleged U.S. Human Rights Abuses; Council Report on Detainees in Guantanamo Bay; Inquiry of the Council¿s Special Rapporteur on Human Rights while Countering Terrorism, and on Human Rights of Migrants.
Contents: (1) Why a New U.N. Entity for Women?; (2) Current U.N. System Efforts: Existing Gender Structure: U.N. Development Fund for Women; Div. for the Advancement of Women; Office of the Special Adviser on Gender Issues and Advance. of Women; Internat. Research and Training Inst. for the Advance. of Women; Findings of the High-Level Panel of System-Wide Coherence; Gen. Assembly Action and the Sec.-Gen¿s. Proposal; (3) Policy Issues: Funding; Governance; Relationship with Other U.N. Entities; In-Country Operational Capacity; Links to Civil Society; Review and Eval.; (4) Obama Admin. Position; (5) Congress. Role: The New Entity and U.S. Foreign Policy: Women¿s Rights or Human Rights?; U.S. Priorities. Resources, and Contributions.
"The Senate may consider providing its advice and consent to U.S. ratification of the United Nations (U.N.) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW, or the Convention) during the 112th Congress. CEDAW is the only international human rights treaty that specifically addresses the rights of women. It calls on States Parties to take measures to eliminate discrimination against women in all areas of life, including political participation, employment, education, healthcare, and family structure. CEDAW has been ratified or acceded to by 186 States Parties. The United States is the only country to have signed but not ratified the Convention. Other governments that have not ratified the treaty include Iran, Nauru, Palau, Somalia, Sudan, and Tonga"--Second page of June 23, 2011 report
Since its establishment in 1945, the U.N. has been in a constant state of transition as various international stakeholders seek ways to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the U.N. system. Recent controversies, such as corruption of the Iraq Oil-For-Food Program, allegations of sexual abuse by U.N. peacekeepers, and instances of waste, fraud and abuse by U.N. staff, have focused renewed attention on the need for change and improvement of the U.N. Contents of this report: (1) Introduction; (2) Background; (3) Recently Adopted and/or Implemented Reforms and the New Secretary-General; (4) Congress and U.N. Reform; (5) Administrative Policies; (6) Reform Perspectives and Priorities; (7) Implementing Reform: Mechanics and Possible Challenges.
The Senate may consider providing its advice and consent to U.S. ratification of the United Nations (U.N.) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW, or the Convention) during the 113th Congress. CEDAW is the only international human rights treaty that specifically addresses the rights of women. It calls on States Parties to take measures to eliminate discrimination against women in all areas of life, including political participation, employment, education, healthcare, and family structure. CEDAW has been ratified or acceded to by 187 States Parties. The United States is the only country to have signed but not ratified the Convention. Other governments that have not ratified the treaty include Iran, Palau, Somalia, Sudan, and Tonga.
This report provides a brief history of the United nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of the Child and outlines its objectives and structure, including the role and responsibilities of the treaty's monitoring body, the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). It examines U.S. policy toward CRC, including the positions of past and current Administrations and congressional perspectives.