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Ethical issues associated with public health and health policy--related, for example, to pandemic plans and vaccination policies (c.f. SARS or pandemic influenza), preventive measures like screening (e.g. for breast cancer or dementia) or health information campaigns, social inequalities or health care rationing--are increasing in worldwide importance. Evidence-based information for valid benefit-harm assessment is often rare and hard to get for participants in public health interventions. Program implementation often disregards requirements of fair decision-making processes (like public participation, transparency, etc.). Originating from an international conference (based on a call for abstracts and external review), this volume contains contributions from a group of experts from multiple disciplines and countries. It covers (i) conceptual foundations of public health ethics, (ii) methodological approaches and (iii) normative analyses of specific issues and cases. Bridging theoretical foundations with practical applications, this volume provides a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners and students concerned with public health practice and policy.
This book aims to describe the role of interventional therapies in various forms of secondary hypertension and to explain the ability of such approaches to address unmet needs in the setting of uncontrolled essential hypertension. The coverage encompasses interventions in the full range of relevant conditions, including the various specific pathologies responsible for secondary hypertension, such as renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, and adrenal tumors. In each case, up-to-date information is presented on indications, procedural aspects, and patient follow-up. A further focus is the most recent knowledge on the use of invasive neuromodulation, such as renal sympathetic denervation and baroreflex stimulation. The text is supplemented by helpful explanatory diagrams and treatment algorithms. A comprehensive clinical guide of this nature has to date been absent from the literature. The book will be of interest to clinicians managing hypertensive patients, researchers investigating advanced hypertension management, and students on cardiovascular courses.
Over the past 50 years, important developments have taken place in surgical and antimicrobial aspects of the management of intestinal surgery and intra-abdominal sepsis. Many new pathogens like Clostridium difficile, Helibacter and Ruminococcus have been described, and many new beta-lactam drugs and quinolones have been introduced. Immunological aspects such as T cell factors and interleukins have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of intra-abdominal sepsis. Important new pieces of surgical hardware, sutures, and surgical glues to salvage solid organs were added to the surgical armanentorium. This new book looks at all of these important developments and more. Over 900 articles were reviewed to synthesize the core information for this book. The editors' years of experience in trauma surgery and intra-abdominal sepsis add to the tremendous amount of information found in this book written for physicians, house-staff, and medical students.
Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Epigenetics, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference on the epigenetic basis of common neuropsychiatric disorders. The volume is organized into chapters covering individual neuropsychiatric disorders, from addiction to anxiety and autism spectrum disorders, and is contributed by leading experts in their respective fields. The epigenetic aspects of each disorder are discussed, in the context of the full range of associated epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA modification, histone post-translational modification, chromatin organization, and non-coding RNA. A particular emphasis is placed on potential epigenetic interventions, when the effects of environmenta...
Aspergillus fumigatus is a human fungal pathogen that causes invasive aspergillosis (IA), a major infectious cause of death in the expanding population of immunocompromised individuals such as cancer patients and transplant recipients. The mortality of IA remains high (30-70%) and emerging resistance to triazoles, the first-line antifungal drug class, is of particular concern. Second-line therapies for IA are limited by their toxicity (polyenes) or their lack of fungicidal activity (echinocandins). Identification of novel antifungal targets is an urgent need for improving the outcome of IA. A. fumigatus is a filamentous fungus exhibiting a complex developmental cycle and elaborate mechanisms...
Contains the most recent guidelines to evaluate fever and infection in residents of long-term care environments. Infection Management for Geriatrics in Long-Term Care Facilities provides numerous figures and tables for quick access to key concepts presents methods to establish infection control programs off
This book provides an overview of endocrine diseases associated with alterations of salt metabolism, with a focus on clinical and pathophysiological aspects. It covers various topics in the endocrine control of salt and water homeostasis, such as neuroendocrine determinants of water balance, adrenal hormone biosynthesis, hormonal function in target renal cells, and dysfunction of hormonal target effectors in the kidney. It also features an update on the clinical management of these diseases, including new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Written by a combination of recognized and emerging experts in the field, this book is intended as a major reference work, not only for endocrinologists and nephrologists, but also for pediatricians, neonatologists, cardiologists, and emergency medicine and intensive care specialists, who can be faced with the management of endocrine diseases responsible of salt and water imbalance. The book is part of the SpringerReference program, which provides access to ‘living editions’ that are constantly updated using a dynamic, peer-review publishing process.
The two volumes included in Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Second Edition is an updated, comprehensive and multidisciplinary reference covering the area of antimicrobial drug resistance in bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological perspectives. This newly revised compendium reviews the most current research and development on drug resistance while still providing the information in the accessible format of the first edition. The first volume, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance, is dedicated to the biological basis of drug resistance and effective avenues for drug development. With the emergence of more drug-resistant o...
This book covers the latest data available to understand the mechanisms causing the formation of single species fungal biofilms or polymicrobial biofilms involving fungal species; specific chapters present hot topics such as resistance mechanisms and composition and role of the matrix. Moreover, it reviews updated data on biofilms that contain yeasts or filamentous fungi and develop in the human body or in water and may cause infections. The latest available data for both diagnostic and treatment of infections associated to fungi growing in biofilms is also presented. The activity of antifungal and disinfectant agents against fungal biofilms is discussed in specific chapters and future treatments on natural sources are suggested. This book bridges the gap between basic and applied research. It is the result of many years of research work done by laboratories worldwide, all known for their expertise on fungal biofilms.