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The chemistry of nucleosides and nucleic acids is a rapidly developing field. Many of the most important recent advances in medicinal chemistry have occured in this field with the development of novel nucleoside– and nucleotide–based antiviral and antitumor drugs. New synthesis strategies involving novel protecting groups have helped spur progress in drug–development and genome–sequencing research. This volume, comprised of contributions written by internationally recognized experts, covers cutting–edge developments in current nucleoside and nucleic acid research. The most recent synthesis innovations, including combinatorial approaches, spectroscopy and structural studies, thermodynamic and computational investigations, stability assessments, and medicinal applications are presented. Synthetic, physical, organic, bioorganic, and medicinal chemists working on all aspects of nucleoside and nucleic acid research will value this comprehensive state–of–the–art overview.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of more than 75 years of Swiss chemical research. Leading authors, among them L. M. Venanzi, H. Zollinger, E. Heilbronner and J. D. Dunitz, highlight outstanding pieces of research that have appeared in Helvetica Chimica Acta since its foundation, in 1917. This collection of highly readable essays will be of great interest to chemists, historians of chemical science, and anyone who wants to know more about the exciting development of Swiss chemistry in the twentieth century.
In this volume, internationally renowned chemists recount their roles in the progress of chemistry research toward elucidation of biological processes. Beginning with a historical perspective on the development of X-ray crystallography, the reader is regaled with first-hand accounts of research milestones. Included are descriptions of the cutting-edge nuclear-magnetic-resonance and electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectroscopic techniques, the dynamics of ultra-fast reactions, and the central problem of molecular oxygen activation in biological processes. The roles of chiral auxiliaries in organic synthesis and of photochemistry in natural product synthesis are told, and innovations in combin...
The historical achievements in organic natural product synthesis can be recognized most clearly in the research accomplishments of Albert Eschenmoser. For example, his work on the chemical synthesis of vitamin B12 defined the frontier in organic natural product synthesis and profoundly influenced the science of organic chemistry. In addition to revealing the beautiful reaction pathways leading to compounds of great biochemical significance, Albert Eschenmoser has contributed innovative methods of outstanding utility for organic synthesis. Few individuals have so fundamentally influenced the science of organic chemistry as Albert Eschenmoser has. Over the years, a sizable fraction of Albert E...
A dynamic framework for studying social emergence The social sciences have sophisticated models of choice and equilibrium but little understanding of the emergence of novelty. Where do new alternatives, new organizational forms, and new types of people come from? Combining biochemical insights about the origin of life with innovative and historically oriented social network analyses, John Padgett and Walter Powell develop a theory about the emergence of organizational, market, and biographical novelty from the coevolution of multiple social networks. They demonstrate that novelty arises from spillovers across intertwined networks in different domains. In the short run actors make relations, ...
Originally a special issue of Chemistry & Biodiversity, the first part of this volume focuses on the plant Cannabis sativa, its active ingredients, and the discovery of cannabinoid receptors as well as the therapeutic applications of activating, or blocking, the receptors. Following an overview of the plant, its medicinal uses, and its preparations, further chapters cover biosynthetic pathways, pharmacological properties, cannabis-based medicine, toxicology, cannabis prohibition and clinical situations where blocking the cannabinoid receptors might be beneficial. The second part covers the journey from humans to plants, analyzing anandamide, as well as other endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid congeners, biosynthetic pathways, current knowledge of FAAH-1, FAAH-2, monoglyceride lipase and NAAA, concluding with new areas of research.
Systems thinking/analysis is widely applied for solving complex problems in engineering and certain other fields. Astrobiology, which inherently involves complex problems, can benefit from such an approach. This book provides the background and methodology of this approach for professionals, upper-level undergraduate students, and others with an interest in astrobiology topics. In addition, this book constitutes a valuable resource not only for astrobiology, but also for its foundational disciplines, e.g., chemistry, physics, astronomy, biology, biochemistry, geology, and planetary geology. Features Surveys of the systems approach to analyzing and understanding multifaceted, complex problems in astrobiology, written by two scientists who also have engineering backgrounds Systems applications to areas important to astrobiology, such as chemical evolution, prebiotic chemistry, geochemical/geophysical settings conducive to emergence of life, robotic space exploration, and much more Wide appeal for all readers interested in the origin and occurrence of life in our Solar System and beyond.
Contiene: Introduction; Classification of alkaloids; Structure elucidation of alkaloids; Artifacts; Chiroptical properties of alkaloids; Alkaloid synthesis; Alkaloids and chemotaxonomy; Aspects of alkaloid biogenesis; Biological significance of alkaloids; Historical aspects of alkaloids chemistri; Active principles from selected alkaloid sources and their cultural and historical significance.
Why music doesn't add up, what The Simpsons can teach us about science, whether Juana la Loca wasn't crazy after all, and what's behind the gaseous veil of Saturn's moon Titan ' these are just some of the questions addressed in the more than 70 reviews and essay reviews from the years 2000 to 2009 collected in this volume. They cover books about science, ranging from the academic to the popularized kind, but there are also books about cultural topics and even a few novels scattered in for good measure. Most of these books reviewed haven't found a massive amount of attention, although some of them should have, at least in the reviewer's opinion. And even if the book under review wasn't all that good, the format of an essay review allows the author to have a go at presenting the subject matter his own way. All in all, a reflection of what happened during the noughties in the worlds of science and culture, and off the beaten track.
Volume 8 of this series presents four timely reviews on alkaloids: Chapter 1 is a magnificent and monumental review of curare, "a group of dart and/or arrow poisons varying in composition and featuring muscle relaxation as their basic pharmacological action." The fascinating history of curare is recounted, beginning with early encounters by the Spanish Conquistadores through its use as arrow poisons by the forest tribes in hunting and warfare, its chemistry, ethnography, botany and pharmacology. A terminal section of this chapter treats the development of modern muscle relaxants. This chapter thus traces how curare-initially only a crude plant extract-has given rise to the widely used and ve...