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This report presents the recommendations of the WHO Expert Committee responsible for updating the WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines.. The goal of the meeting was to review and update the 18th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) and the 4th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc). In accordance with approved procedures, the Expert Committee evaluated the scientific evidence on the basis of the comparative effectiveness, safety and cost effectiveness of the medicines. Both lists went through major revisions this year, as the Committee considered 77 applications, including 29 treatment regimens for cancer, and innovative hepatitis C and tuberculosis (TB) medicines...
This volume presents a transdisciplinary approach to implementing a circular economy in international business. Written by global experts, this book provides a detailed and professional focus on issues that must be improved in order to successfully implement a circular economy in a variety of industries. The book begins with a discussion of the theoretical aspects of circular economy and the challenges of going from theory to practice. The following chapters present case studies on the circular economy in different sectors of international business such as food systems, mineral processing, water management, energy process, waste management, the cement industry, and 3D printing. Issues such a...
The field of HCV therapeutics continues to evolve rapidly and since the World Health Organization (WHO) issued its first Guidelines for the screening care and treatment of persons with hepatitis C infection in 2014 several new medicines have been approved by at least one stringent regulatory authority. These medicines called direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are transforming the treatment of HCV enabling regimens that can be administered orally are of shorter duration (as short as eight weeks) result in cure rates higher than 90% and are associated with fewer serious adverse events than the previous interfere on containing regimens. WHO is updating its hepatitis C treatment guidelines to provi...
Encapsulating security : pharmaceutical defenses against biological danger -- Discovering a virus's achilles heel : flu fighting at molecular scale -- The pill always wins: Gilead Sciences, Roche and the birth of Tamiflu -- What a difference a day makes : the margin call for regulatory agencies -- Virtual blockbuster : bird flu and the pandemic of preparedness planning -- In the eye of the storm : global access, generics and intellectual property -- 'Ode to Tamiflu' : side effects, teenage 'suicides' and corporate liabilities -- Data backlash : Roche and Cochrane square up over clinical trial data -- 'To boldly go ... ' : pharmaceutical enterprises and global health security -- Epilogue : pharmaceuticals, security and molecular life
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This book critically examines the interplay between digitalization and sustainability. Amid escalating environmental crises, some of which are now irreversible, there is a noticeable commitment within both international and domestic policy agendas to employ digital technologies in pursuit of sustainability goals. This collection gathers a multitude of voices interrogating the premise that increased digitalization automatically contributes to greater sustainability. By exploring the planetary links underpinning the global digital economy, the book exposes the extractive logics ingrained within digital capitalism and introduces alternatives like digital degrowth and the circular economy as via...
In 2019, World Health Assembly resolution WHA72(8) Improving the transparency of markets for medicines, vaccines, and other health products requested the WHO Director-General, among other requests, “to continue WHO’s efforts to biennially convene the Fair Pricing Forum with the Member States and all relevant stakeholders to discuss the affordability and transparency of prices and costs relating to health products”. The 2021 Forum was held under this mandate to continue the tradition of encouraging rich dialogue among various stakeholders, following the first Forum in Amsterdam (The Netherlands) in 2017, and the second Forum in Johannesburg (South Africa) in 2019.
ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT Current knowledge on electronic waste management strategies, along with future challenges and solutions, supported by case studies Electronic Waste Management maps out numerous aspects of health and environmental impacts associated with electronic waste, thoroughly detailing what we can expect in terms of the use of electronic products and the management of electronic waste in the future. The book assists readers in grasping the fundamentals of the entire e-waste system by covering various factors related to the health and environmental impacts of electronic waste, as well as a perspective on the subject based on current global recycling strategies. Presented in a...
The purpose of the guideline was to provide an evidence-informed recommendation on whether mass drug administration of azithromycin, as a public health intervention for the reduction of under-five mortality, should (a) be rolled out universally in low- and middle-income countries, (b) be applied only in some situational contexts in low-and middle-income countries or (c) not be used at all.
A CBS News' medical correspondent draws from his ten-year experience as a reporter on state-of-the-art health care to create this accessible guide which alerts readers to the pitfalls of the medical system, while empowering them with the knowledge they need to get the best available health care.