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Algeria: Selected Issues
This report presents operational characteristics of transnational criminal networks originating in South America, identifies U.S. government policies and programs to counter these networks, and examines the military's role in that context.
This book had its origins in the many natural disasters that seemed to be increasing in number and intensity in recent years. An ever-increasing loss of life, spiraling economic costs and losses, and a lack of national, coordinated recognition and understanding of the dangers these natural disasters foretold were evident. Additional concerns included a political attitude that ignored the realities of the dire future impacts of climate change. Priority for short-term issues which has taken precedence over the need for long-term policies, including financing, that address the needed changes were evident. Many of the requirements and procedures necessary for these changes will require attitudin...
The fields of intelligent systems and sustainability have been gaining momentum in the research community. They have drawn interest in such research fields as computer science, information technology, electrical engineering, and other associated engineering disciples. The promise of intelligent systems applied to sustainability is becoming a reality due to the recent advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, blockchain, deep learning, and machine learning. The emergence of intelligent systems has given rise to a wide range of techniques and algorithms using an ensemble approach to implement novel solutions for complex problems associated with sustainabi...
Algeria: Selected Issues
This book begins by discussing the fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, and their convergence. It then covers techniques, algorithms, and methods of analysing and processing data over the Artificial Intelligence of Things. The text elaborates on important concepts such as body sensor networks for safety in smart factories, smart energy management, smart robotic assistive systems, and service-oriented smart manufacturing. This book: • Discusses the security and privacy aspect of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) for smart real-time applications. • Explores challenges and issues of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things in the field of industr...
Many countries face the challenge of raising additional tax revenues without hurting economic growth. Comprehensive, cross-country information on the revenue impact of tax policy changes can thus support informed decision-making on viable reforms. We assess the likely revenue impact of various tax policy changes based on a sample of 21 advanced and emerging market economies, using granular information from the IMF Tax Policy Reform Database v.4.0. Our findings suggest that the revenue yield of a tax policy change varies significantly depending on the tax instrument adopted (e.g., VAT or personal income tax) and the nature of the change (i.e., rate, base). For example, in our sample, base-bro...
In a worsening global environment, economies in the Middle East and Central Asia are being buffeted by a confluence of shocks: a global slowdown, high and volatile food and energy prices, faster and stronger than expected tightening of financial conditions, and the risk of fragmentation. The region’s emerging market and middle-income economies (EM&MIs) and low-income countries (LICs) are hit hard, with many facing curtailed access to market financing, while oil-exporting countries are being buffered by still-high energy prices. The adverse impact of Russia’s war in Ukraine on the Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) has thus far been milder than expected. Still, the CCA’s strong ties to Rus...