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The role of carcinogenic agents in the deveolopment of human cancers is now being defined using a variety of human cells as experi mental model systems. A workshop on "neoplastic transformation in human cell systems in vitro: mechanisms of carcinogenesis" was held at the Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, on April 25-26, 1991. The aims of the workshop were to present the state-of-the art in the transformation of human cells in culture, as well as to provide insight into the molecular and cellular changes involved in the conver sion of normal cells to a neoplastic state of growth. The following topics were closely related to the theme of the workshops: 1. Derivation of in v...
Alcohol abuse throughout the world is associated with serious social and medical implications. Problems such as intoxication, tol erance, and development of physical dependence have been well recognized. The central nervous system and the liver are especially affected. There is little doubt that alcohol abuse can result in organ damage, which in turn leads to deleterious health consequences to the individual. Understanding ethanol action presents a special and functional diver challenge because of its molecular simplicity sity. In fact, the ability for alcohol to disrupt cellular function is at tributed to its cellular injury without regard to an apparent specific mechanism of action. Nevert...
In 1928, it was discovered that copper was essential for normal human metabolism. Ten years later, 1938, it was observed that patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a higher than normal serum copper concentration, which returned to normal wi th remission of this disease. Thirteen years later, it was found that copper complexes were effective in treating arthritic diseaseS. The first report that copper complexes had antiinflammatory activity in an animal model of in flammation appeared twenty-two years after the discovery of essen tiality. In 1976, it was suggested that the active forms of the anti arthritic drugs are their copper complexes formed in vivo. This suggestion was confirmed and ex...
This comprehensive treatise on the reticuloendothelial system is a project jointly shared by individual members of the Reticuloendothelial (RE) Society and bio medical scientists in general who are interested in the intricate system of ceHs and molecular moieties derived from those ceHs which constitute the RES. It may now be more fashionable in some quarters to consider these ceHs as part of what is caHed the mononuclear phagocytic system or the lymphoreticular system. Nev ertheless, because of historical developments and current interest in the subject by investigators from many diverse areas, it seems advantageous to present in one comprehensive treatise current information and knowledge ...
This book has been developed from its earlier and far less formal presentment as the proceedings of a symposium entitled The Biochemistry of S-Adenosylmethionine as a Basis for Drug Design that was held at the Solstrand Fjord Hotel in Bergen, Norway on June 30-July 4, 1985. The purpose of the symposium was to bring together scientists from various disciplines (biochemistry, pharmacology, virology, immunology, chemistry, medicine, and so on) to discuss the recent advances that have been made in our understanding of the biological roles of S adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and to discuss the feasibility of utilizing AdoMet-dependent enzymes as targets for drug design. Thus the information provided...
During the last 10 years, the role of specific nutrients in cancer prevention and cancer treatment has been the subject of intense basic, preclinical, and clinical research. At present, the major focus of nutri tional oncology is on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and their modification by nutrients and on cancer prevention studies in animals and humans. Some human epidemiological studies have confirmed the hypothesis, developed on animals, that there is an inverse relation ship between the intake and/or level of !3-carotene, vitamin A vita min E, or vitamin C and the risk of cancer, whereas others have shown no such relationship. This is not unexpected, since the protective effect of indiv...
Since its discovery as the cause of infectious mononucleosis in 1964, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been etiologically implicated in an increasing number of human diseases. Generally considered the first human oncogenic virus because of a number of studies linking it with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), as well as its documented oncogenicity in nonhuman primates, EBVhas served as a model for identifying subsequent candidate oncogenic viruses and the stimulus for Evans' revision of the Henle-Koch postulates to accommodate the problems in proving viral oncogenicity in humans. Research on the role of EBV in human cancer was particularly en hanced (a) by the pioneering ...