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This publication covers PPPs with a focus on the implications for public finances in developing economies. Chapter 1 seeks to answer the question of whether PPPs are the “genie in the bottle” for governments seeking to plug the infrastructure gap: do they solve more problems than they create? This discussion lays the groundwork for further analysis. Chapter 2 explores the underlying reasons for the expansion of PPPs, the definitions and scope of PPPs in different contexts, and the historical trajectory of PPPs throughout the world, highlighting the common factors that have led to their current popularity. Chapter 3 details the multitude of institutional frameworks built to accommodate PP...
ETAPS 2002 was the ?fth instance of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software. ETAPS is an annual federated conference that was established in 1998by combining a number of existing and new conferences. This year it comprised 5 conferences (FOSSACS, FASE, ESOP, CC, TACAS), 13 satellite workshops (ACL2, AGT, CMCS, COCV, DCC, INT, LDTA, SC, SFEDL, SLAP, SPIN, TPTS, and VISS), 8invited lectures (not including those speci?c to the satellite events), and several tutorials. The events that comprise ETAPS address various aspects of the system - velopment process, including speci?cation, design, implementation, analysis, and improvement. The languages, methodologies, and tools which support these - tivities are all well within its scope. Di?erent blends of theory and practice are represented, with an inclination towards theory with a practical motivation on one hand and soundly-based practice on the other. Many of the issues involved in software design apply to systems in general, including hardware systems, and the emphasis on software is not intended to be exclusive.
The International Conference on “Computational Intelligence in Data Mining” (ICCIDM), after three successful versions, has reached to its fourth version with a lot of aspiration. The best selected conference papers are reviewed and compiled to form this volume. The proceedings discusses the latest solutions, scientific results and methods in solving intriguing problems in the fields of data mining, computational intelligence, big data analytics, and soft computing. The volume presents a sneak preview into the strengths and weakness of trending applications and research findings in the field of computational intelligence and data mining along with related field.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Advances in Swarm Intelligence, ICSI 2020, held in July 2020 in Belgrade, Serbia. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. The 63 papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 127 submissions. The papers are organized in 12 cohesive topical sections as follows: Swarm intelligence and nature-inspired computing; swarm-based computing algorithms for optimization; particle swarm optimization; ant colony optimization; brain storm optimization algorithm; bacterial foraging optimization; genetic algorithm and evolutionary computation; multi-objective optimization; machine learning; data mining; multi-agent system and robotic swarm, and other applications.
Report submitted to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate, and the Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives, by the U.S. Dept. of State. These country reports on human rights cover the human rights practices of all nations that are members of the United Nations and a few that are not. They are printed to assist members of Congress in the consideration of legislation, particularly foreign assistance legislation
Sustainability rests on the principle that we must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Starving people in poor nations, obesity in rich nations, increasing food prices, on-going climate changes, increasing fuel and transportation costs, flaws of the global market, worldwide pesticide pollution, pest adaptation and resistance, loss of soil fertility and organic carbon, soil erosion, decreasing biodiversity, desertification, and so on. Despite unprecedented advances in sciences allowing to visit planets and disclose subatomic particles, serious terrestrial issues about food show clearly that conventional agriculture is n...
110th Congress, 2nd Session. Jacket 41-228PDF or 41-228 PDF. The promotion of human rights is an essential piece of our foreign policy. This effort will be a global one that reaches beyond government alone. The reports in this volume will be used as a resource for shaping policy, conducting diplomacy, and arranging assistance, training, and other resource allocations. The reports will also serve as a basis for the U.S. Government’s cooperation with private groups to promote the observance of internationally-recognized human rights. The Country Reports on Human Rights Practices cover internationally-recognized civil, political and worker rights, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. These rights include freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; from prolonged detention without charges; from disappearance or clandestine detention; and from other flagrant violations of the right to life, liberty and the security of the person.