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Philosophical Imagination
Thought experiments by ancient philosophers are often open to debate: in what sense did their reasoning really concern thought experimentation? For instance, in Plato’s Republic, Glaucon uses the myth of Gyges to demonstrate why people who practice justice do so unwillingly. A challenge, posed to Socrates and provided through some sort of thought experiment by imagining the effects of using the ring of invisibility, was intended to answer the question of human nature and our basis for the inclination towards justice or injustice. This collection expands the current, but rare, topic of whether it is possible to articulate a discussion about thought experiments and their arguments from the h...
Czech Women Philosophers and Scientists
This book examines the most important Czech women philosophers and scientists. It highlights the lives and achievements of a group that has often not received the recognition they deserve. Chapters provide a systematic description and critical evaluation of the impact these women had on the history of philosophy and science. After an opening chapter on the status of women philosophers and scientists in the period before 1820, the book explores the role women played in the 19th century rise of Czech culture (Czech National Revival). The following chapter then introduces the situation of Czech women philosophers and scientists in the 20th century. The authors base the material on analysis of k...
100 myšlenkových experimentů ve filozofii
Filozofové rádi vyprávějí smyšlené příběhy. Používají je jako argumenty, jimiž podporují tvrzení o světě, o společnosti, a také o tom, jak bychom měli či neměli jednat. Říkají tomu myšlenkové experimentování. V této knize najdete sto slavných myšlenkových experimentů, které se týkají povahy prostoru a času, podstaty krásy, dobra, svobody, náboženství a osobní identity; najdete zde také smyšlené příklady zkoumající hranice lidské mysli, poznání, jazyka a spravedlnosti. Všechny myšlenkové experimenty jsou doplněny schematickými rozbory, jež zachycují jádro příkladu, očekávaný výsledek a použití daného experimentu v širší argumentaci.
Commonsense Pluralism about Truth
Truth is a pervasive feature of ordinary language, deserving of systematic study, and few theorists of truth have endeavoured to chronicle the tousled conceptual terrain forming the non-philosopher’s ordinary view. In this book, the author recasts the philosophical treatment of truth in light of historical and recent work in experimental philosophy. He argues that the commonsense view of truth is deeply fragmented along two axes, across different linguistic discourses and among different demographics, termed in the book as endoxic alethic pluralism. To defend this view, four conclusions must be reached: (1) endoxic alethic pluralism should be compatible with how the everyday person uses truth, (2) the common conception of truth should be derivable from empirical data, (3) this descriptive metaphysical project is one aspect of a normative theory of truth, and (4) endoxic alethic pluralism is at least partially immune to challenges facing the ecological method in experimental philosophy and alethic pluralism.
Teorie nauk humanistycznych
The textbook introduces basic humanities and social science reflections on science, specifically in the individual chapters on philosophy, historiography and sociology of science. For each scientific reflection, its historical origins and motivations for its establishment are presented, the main themes for it are identified, and then the pitfalls of such a narrowly defined view of science are assessed. The final section of each chapter, in turn, is devoted to highlighting the main advantages of a special-science reflection on science. The last chapter plays a special role in the data-scientific reflection of science, in order to distinguish it from narrowly defined scientometrics. The main aim of the textbook is to show that the most meaningful reflection on science is represented by comprehensive Science and Technology Studies. The book is intended for students at all levels of undergraduate study.
Filosofický časopis
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Universitas
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