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Free Will and Predestination in Islamic Thought
The subject of "human free-will" versus "divine predestination" is one of the most contentious topics in classical Islamic thought. By focusing on a theme of central importance to any philosophy of religion, and to Islam in particular, this book offers a critical study of the intellectual contributions offered to this discourse by three key medieval Islamic thinkers: Avicenna, al-Ghāzālī and Ibn ʿArabī. Through investigation of primary sources, Free Will and Predestination in Islamic Thought establishes the historical, political and intellectual circumstances which prompted Avicenna, al-Ghāzālī and Ibn ʿArabī’s attempts at harmonization. By analysing the theoretical and linguisti...
Salvation and Destiny in Islam
Medieval Islamic philosophers were occupied with questions of cosmology, predestination and salvation and human responsibility for actions. For Ismailis, the related notions of religious leadership, namely the imamate, and the eschatological role of the prophets and imams were equally central. These were also a matter of doctrinal controversy within the so-called Iranian school of Ismaili philosophical theology. Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani (d. after 411/1020) was one of the most important theologians in the Fatimid period, who rose to prominence during the reign of the imam-caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (r. 386/996–411/1021). He is renowned for blending the Neoplatonic philosophical heritage wi...
The Proof of God
This book is an English translation of the award-winning book by Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi on the Book of the Proof (Kitab al-Hujja) part of the Sufficient Book (Kitab al-Kafi), authored by one of the most celebrated religious authorities and a foundational figure of Shi'i Islam, Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (d. ca. 940 CE). The significance of this source for the formation and development of Shi'i beliefs and doctrines cannot be overestimated. Whilst the field of Shi'i studies is still dominated by works focused on legal, political, or theological aspects of Sh'i Islam, Amir-Moezzi's approach to the study of the early Shi'i traditions in this work is characterised by a keen interest in its...
The Written World of God
The Written World of God is the first systematic overview of the science of letters ('ilm al-huruf) according to the great Andalusian spiritual master, scholar, poet and philosopher Ibn 'Arabi (d. 1240). Ibn 'Arabi defined the science of letters as familiarity with the building blocks of the Quranic revelation and everything in the world of nature. Letters are understood as visual and aural signs pointing to the mysteries of existence. The present study examines how the universe came to be, for what purpose it was created and the hierarchical structure it is endowed with. It is an old story told anew - through the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet, their orthographic forms and the meanings attributed to them, using Ibn 'Arabi's own diagrams. Although the story could be told through geometric figures or numbers, letters were chosen on the basis of Ibn 'Arabi's doctrine that the meanings carried by the letters fully encompasses the whole of existence: God and the universe.
A Literary History of Medicine
An online, Open Access version of this work is also available from Brill. A Literary History of Medicine by the Syrian physician Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿah (d. 1270) is the earliest comprehensive history of medicine. It contains biographies of over 432 physicians, ranging from the ancient Greeks to the author’s contemporaries, describing their training and practice, often as court physicians, and listing their medical works; all this interlaced with poems and anecdotes. These volumes present the first complete and annotated translation along with a new edition of the Arabic text showing the stages in which the author composed the work. Introductory essays provide important background. The reader will find on these pages an Islamic society that worked closely with Christians and Jews, deeply committed to advancing knowledge and applying it to health and wellbeing.
Received Opinions: Doxography in Antiquity and the Islamic World
This volume brings together, for the first time, experts on Greek, Syriac, and Arabic traditions of doxography, in order to investigate and present shared contexts and questions, and to initiate future collaboration among the fields of classics, Arabic studies, and the history of philosophy.
Sculpting the Self
Sculpting the Self addresses “what it means to be human” in a secular, post-Enlightenment world by exploring notions of self and subjectivity in Islamic and non-Islamic philosophical and mystical thought. Alongside detailed analyses of three major Islamic thinkers (Mullā Ṣadrā, Shāh Walī Allāh, and Muhammad Iqbal), this study also situates their writings on selfhood within the wider constellation of related discussions in late modern and contemporary thought, engaging the seminal theoretical insights on the self by William James, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Michel Foucault. This allows the book to develop its inquiry within a spectrum theory of selfhood, incorporating bio-physiological,...
Divine Will and Predestination
Divine Will and Predestination: Theological and Philosophical Perspectives By: Dr. Shahid Babar Divine Will and Predestination sets out to discuss these topics using the notions of fate and human free will and explores the understanding of the subject developed by difference of opinions of Muslim, Christian, and Jewish theologians and the philosophers of the East and West, with research analysis based on historic perspectives—a unique approach not adopted by the authors of different literary works and books on this topic. Besides providing a critical assessment based on literature research, this book highlights the classical interpretation of the article of faith in the light of Quranic verses and prophetic traditions and concludes with describing the impact of belief in this fundamental article of faith on the life of the believers. The methodology adopted in this book is new and challenging. The religious believers of different faiths as well as non-religious people may find this subject difficult and struggle with the understanding of its concepts. This book will be able to provide a comprehensive understanding of this difficult subject to the readers.
Shiʿi Materiality Beyond Karbala
This book examines material and multi-sensorial expressions of Shiʿi Islam in diverse, and understudied demographic and geographic contexts.It engages with conceptual debates and makes several propositions that push the frontiers of scholarship on Islamic and Religious Studies, Material Religion, Heritage Studies, and Anthropology and Sociology of Religion.The contributions presented in this volume demonstrate how material things and less thing-like materialities make the praesentia and potentia of the Sacred tangible, how they cultivate intimate relations between human and more-than-human beings, and how they act as links and gateways to the Elsewhere and Otherworldly. The volume posits that materialities of religion are integral to processes of heritagization shaped by competing social and political actors involved in the construction and canonization of religious—in this case, Shiʿi—heritage.
